氢能运输方式与技术发展现状及挑战

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.008

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 81-93.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.008

氢能运输方式与技术发展现状及挑战

李玉星¹^,²^,^†(), 刘翠伟¹^,², 彭浩平³, 韩辉¹^,², 朱建鲁¹^,², 宋光春¹^,², 王财林¹^,²

1.中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，青岛 266580
2.山东省油气储运安全省重点实验室，青岛 266580
3.常州大学石油与天然气工程学院，常州 213164

收稿日期:2024-01-13 修回日期:2024-03-28 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-26
通讯作者: †
作者简介:李玉星，教授，博士研究生导师。山东省油气储运安全省级重点实验室主任。中国石油大学（华东）油气储运工程学科建设负责人。国家重点研发计划首席科学家，山东省泰山学者特聘专家，教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者，中国石油学会智库专家。中国石油学会天然气专业委员会委员，石油储运专业委员会委员。中国工业气体工业协会液化天然气分会委员。全国石油天然气标准化技术委员会油气储运分技术委员会委员，液化天然气分技术委员会委员。甘肃省管道保护协会理事。主要从事油气与新能源融合储运、二氧化碳集输与运输、管道智能化与安全管理、液化天然气与水合物储运、油气混输与计量、节能降耗等研究。获省部级奖励20余项。发表论文460余篇。参编国家标准和行业标准等10余项。授权发明专利50余件，转化应用12件。登记软件著作权15件。电子信箱：liyx@upc.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4001602);山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT030)

Current Status and Challenges of Hydrogen Energy Transportation Methods and Technological Development

LI Yuxing¹^,²^,^†(), LIU Cuiwei¹^,², PENG Haoping³, HAN Hui¹^,², ZHU Jianlu¹^,², SONG Guangchun¹^,², WANG Cailin¹^,²

1. College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Security, Qingdao 266580, China
3. School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

Received:2024-01-13 Revised:2024-03-28 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-26
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在能源结构转型及新能源革命的背景下，氢能由于具有清洁高效、来源丰富及用途广泛等优点，得到广泛的重视与发展。作为连接氢能供应端和需求端的核心纽带，氢能运输是氢能规模化及商业化应用的关键环节。构建成熟的氢能运输技术体系并完善相关基础设备设施建设，是氢能产业发展亟须解决的关键核心问题。基于此，文章综述了氢能运输发展的现状，明确了管道运输在氢能运输技术中的突出作用，在此基础上总结提炼了氢能运输发展所面临的关键科学与技术问题，并从材料、工艺、设备、风险评估、标准规范制定及战略发展规划等方面对未来氢能运输的发展提出了相关建议。

关键词: 氢能, 运输, 管道, 大规模, 长距离

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of energy structure transformation and the revolution in new energy sources, hydrogen energy has gained widespread attention and development due to its advantages of cleanliness, efficiency, abundant sources, and wide range of applications. As the crucial link between the supply and demand sides of hydrogen energy, transportation is a key component in the scaling and commercialization of hydrogen applications. Establishing a mature hydrogen energy transportation technology system and improving the related infrastructure construction are critical core issues that need to be addressed for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. On this basis, this paper provided an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy transportation. It emphasized the prominent role of pipeline transportation in hydrogen energy transportation technology. Accordingly, the paper summarized and extracted the key scientific and technological issues faced by the development of hydrogen energy transportation. Furthermore, it presented relevant suggestions for the future development of hydrogen energy transportation from aspects such as materials, processes, equipment, risk assessment, standard and specification formulation, and strategic development planning.

Key words: hydrogen energy, transportation, pipeline, large scale, long distance

李玉星, 刘翠伟, 彭浩平, 韩辉, 朱建鲁, 宋光春, 王财林. 氢能运输方式与技术发展现状及挑战[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(2): 81-93.

LI Yuxing, LIU Cuiwei, PENG Haoping, HAN Hui, ZHU Jianlu, SONG Guangchun, WANG Cailin. Current Status and Challenges of Hydrogen Energy Transportation Methods and Technological Development[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(2): 81-93.

图/表 3

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运输方式	运输工具	原理	压力/MPa	适用场景	发展现状
高压气态运输	长管拖车	将氢气以高压气体形式注入特定储氢容器或管道中进行运输	15~35	短距离小规模	1）发展成熟，是目前中国应用最广泛的输氢方式； 2）单车装载量约350 kg，装卸时间各需4~8 h，技术及产品成熟，前期投资小
高压气态运输	长输管道	将氢气以高压气体形式注入特定储氢容器或管道中进行运输	中低压≤4 高压4~12	长距离大规模	1）目前中国氢气长输管道建设尚处于起步阶段； 2）前期投资大，存在材料相容性、密封性等技术难点，是实现氢气长距离、大规模运输的最经济选择和必然趋势
低温液态运输	液氢槽车液氢船舶	通过物理或化学方式将氢能从气态变为液态进行运输	<1	中长距离中大规模	1）目前主要应用于航天及军事领域，在民用领域尚处于起步阶段； 2）单车装载量约3 000 kg，装卸时间1~2 h，液化成本高
有机液体运输	罐车长输管道	通过不饱和有机液体与氢的可逆反应实现加氢与脱氢	与成品油运输压力类似	中长距离中大规模	1）目前中国通过有机液体运输氢能尚处于试验阶段； 2）在储氢载体、脱氢能耗、脱氢催化剂成本等方面亟待进一步改进
固态金属运输	货车	使用具有物理吸附性质和微格网孔的材料吸附氢气或镁、铁等化学氢化物进行储氢	—	短距离	1）目前处于研发试验阶段，未来发展潜力较大； 2）储氢密度高，安全性高，可控性和灵活性强，但材料制备成本、循环稳定性等方面仍需改进

运输方式	运输工具	原理	压力/MPa	适用场景	发展现状
高压气态运输	长管拖车	将氢气以高压气体形式注入特定储氢容器或管道中进行运输	15~35	短距离小规模	1）发展成熟，是目前中国应用最广泛的输氢方式； 2）单车装载量约350 kg，装卸时间各需4~8 h，技术及产品成熟，前期投资小
高压气态运输	长输管道	将氢气以高压气体形式注入特定储氢容器或管道中进行运输	中低压≤4 高压4~12	长距离大规模	1）目前中国氢气长输管道建设尚处于起步阶段； 2）前期投资大，存在材料相容性、密封性等技术难点，是实现氢气长距离、大规模运输的最经济选择和必然趋势
低温液态运输	液氢槽车液氢船舶	通过物理或化学方式将氢能从气态变为液态进行运输	<1	中长距离中大规模	1）目前主要应用于航天及军事领域，在民用领域尚处于起步阶段； 2）单车装载量约3 000 kg，装卸时间1~2 h，液化成本高
有机液体运输	罐车长输管道	通过不饱和有机液体与氢的可逆反应实现加氢与脱氢	与成品油运输压力类似	中长距离中大规模	1）目前中国通过有机液体运输氢能尚处于试验阶段； 2）在储氢载体、脱氢能耗、脱氢催化剂成本等方面亟待进一步改进
固态金属运输	货车	使用具有物理吸附性质和微格网孔的材料吸附氢气或镁、铁等化学氢化物进行储氢	—	短距离	1）目前处于研发试验阶段，未来发展潜力较大； 2）储氢密度高，安全性高，可控性和灵活性强，但材料制备成本、循环稳定性等方面仍需改进

氢能运输方式与技术发展现状及挑战

Current Status and Challenges of Hydrogen Energy Transportation Methods and Technological Development

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