深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 59-68.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006

深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望

朱祖超¹^,^†(), 宿向辉¹, 夏建新², 贾浩¹, 吴渴欣¹, 胡建新¹

1.浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室，杭州 310018
2.中国地质大学（北京）海洋学院，北京 100084

收稿日期:2024-01-13 修回日期:2024-03-29 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-26
通讯作者: †
作者简介:朱祖超，教授，博士研究生导师。浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室主任。教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者，享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家，浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划杰出人才。主要从事特种离心泵的基础研究和技术开发应用。主持国家自然科学基金项目13项（其中重点项目4项）。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、省部级奖励一等奖5项和二等奖4项。出版专著10部。电子信箱：zhuzuchao@zstu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC280080);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801503);国家自然科学基金(52071296);国家自然科学基金(62222601);浙江省重点研发计划(2023C04034)

Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development

ZHU Zuchao¹^,^†(), SU Xianghui¹, XIA Jianxin², JIA Hao¹, WU Kexin¹, HU Jianxin¹

1. National and Local Joint Laboratory of Fluid Transfer Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, China

Received:2024-01-13 Revised:2024-03-29 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-26
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深海蕴藏着人类社会发展所需的大量重要矿产资源，合理地开发利用可为中国战略性新兴产业发展提供有力支持。长距离管道是实现深海矿产资源从海底向水面输运的主要技术途径，深海极端环境和复杂的介质输运要求导致现有矿产资源管道系统在输运效率和可靠性方面存在明显不足。文章主要回顾了国内外深海矿产资源输运研究进展；从输运管道、混输泵和混输系统总体技术3个方面剖析了深海长距离矿产资源输运面临的技术挑战；展望了基于矿物-海水多相流输运系统设计理论与技术、防堵塞抗磨损可调节的混输泵阀等装备研制、建立环保和经济性的智能输运调节模式；在强化复杂多相介质输运基础研究、推动输运管道全水深工程试验和应用、推动深海采矿多相输运流体动力学设计和输运标准体系建设、持续推进多相流体动力学仿真分析软件平台研发方面提出了对策建议。

关键词: 深海采矿, 矿物输运, 管道技术, 混输泵技术

Abstract:

The vast expanse of the ocean floor holds abundant and crucial mineral resources vital for the advancement of human civilization. Thoughtful exploitation presents a significant opportunity to bolster the growth of China’s strategic emerging sectors. Long-distance pipeline style is the primary technical method for delivering these deep-sea mineral resources from the ocean floor to the surface. The extreme conditions of the deep sea, coupled with the complex requirements for medium transport, result in significant shortcomings in the efficiency and reliability of the existing mineral pipeline systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in deep-sea mineral resource transportation technology, both domestically and internationally. It examines the technical challenges of deep-sea long-distance mineral resources transportation in three main aspects: The marine pipelines, slurry pumps, and overall transport system. The article anticipates future progress in the design theories and technologies of the slurry system, the development of anti-clogging, wear-resistant and adjustable slurry pumps and valves, and the establishment of an environmentally friendly and cost-effective intelligent regulation model. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for strengthening basic research on complex multiphase medium transport, promoting full-depth engineering testing and application of the marine pipelines, advancing fluid dynamics design and transportation standards for deep-sea slurry transport, and continuously fostering the localization of fluid simulation analysis software.

Key words: deep-sea mining, mineral transportation, pipeline technology, slurry pumps technology

朱祖超, 宿向辉, 夏建新, 贾浩, 吴渴欣, 胡建新. 深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(2): 59-68.

ZHU Zuchao, SU Xianghui, XIA Jianxin, JIA Hao, WU Kexin, HU Jianxin. Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(2): 59-68.

图/表 4

图1 海洋矿产资源及其赋存形态

Fig. 1 Marine mineral resources and their modes of occurrence

图2 两种管道运输方式

Fig. 2 Two methods of pipeline transportation

图3 深海采矿混输泵分类及结构型式

Fig. 3 Classification and structures of mixed pump transportation in deep-sea mining

图4 国内外深海采矿输运系统试验

Fig. 4 Transportation system tests for deep-sea mining in China and other country

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深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望

Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development

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