前瞻科技 ›› 2022, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (2): 92-102.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.007

• 综述与述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

深海矿产资源开发技术发展现状与展望

李家彪1,2(), 王叶剑1,2, 刘磊3, 许学伟1,4   

  1. 1.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,杭州 310012
    2.自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,杭州 310012
    3.上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海 200240
    4.自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,杭州 310012
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-21 修回日期:2022-06-02 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 李家彪
  • 作者简介:李家彪,研究员,中国工程院院士,博士研究生导师。现任自然资源部第二海洋研究所所长、浙江省海洋科学院院长。国际标准化组织海洋技术专业委员会(ISO/TC8/SC13 Marine Technology 2014—2022)主席,国际大洋中脊科学组织(InterRidge 2013—2015)联合主席。中国边缘海两期“973”项目首席科学家。浙江省科学技术协会第十一届委员会副主席,中国海洋学会副理事长、浙江省海洋学会理事长。长期从事海底科学与探测工程技术研究。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖2项、省部特等奖3项、何梁何利基金科学与技术进步奖等。电子信箱: jbli@sio.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2022-XBZD-11);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2020-ZD-2);国家自然科学基金咨询项目(L2124013-3);自然资源部高层次科技人才工程资金资助项目(2209)

Current Status and Prospect of Deep-sea Mining Technology

LI Jiabiao1,2(), WANG Yejian1,2, LIU Lei3, XU Xuewei1,4   

  1. 1. Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
    3. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    4. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • Received:2022-05-21 Revised:2022-06-02 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-08-18
  • Contact: LI Jiabiao

摘要:

深海海底蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,对其进行合理的开发利用契合中国经济发展需求,是保障中国战略资源安全和发展高质量海洋经济的重要举措。文章主要回顾了国内外深海矿产资源开发技术进展,分析了关键技术和环境影响挑战,提出深海矿产资源开发应遵循“绿色环保、安全可靠、智能高效”的发展原则,加强深海采矿系统顶层设计,突破核心技术装备研发和制造瓶颈,提升深海环境保护意识和监测、修复技术水平。文章提出要结合中国优势高新技术,强化自主创新,把握深海采矿技术装备研发的新机遇,加强国际合作,促进深海资源可持续利用,培育深海采矿战略新兴产业的发展,支撑海洋强国建设。

关键词: 深海矿产资源开发, 深海技术装备, 深海采矿环境挑战

Abstract:

There are abundant mineral resources beneath and on the seafloor. The rational development and utilization of deep-sea minerals is in line with the needs of economic development in China and is an important measure to ensure the security of China's strategic resources and the development of a high-quality marine economy. This paper reviews the progress of deep-sea mining technology at home and abroad and analyzes the key technical challenges and environmental challenges. It is suggested that the development of deep-sea mining should follow the principles of “green and environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, intelligent and efficient”. Efforts should be made to strengthen the top-level design of deep-sea mining systems, break through the bottlenecks in R&D of key technology and manufacturing of equipment, and improve the awareness for protection and the monitoring and repairing of deep-sea environment.Finally, this paper proposes to take advantage of China’s superior high-tech to strengthen independent innovation, create new opportunities for technology R&D and equipment manufacturing, and strengthen international cooperation to promote the sustainable use of deep-sea mineral resources, so as to cultivate the development of strategic new industries in deep-sea mining and build China into a strong maritime country.

Key words: deep-sea mining, deep-sea technology and equipment, environmental challenge of deep-sea mining