现代运河岸坡长期稳定性及安全保障关键技术研究进展与发展建议

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.008

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 84-96.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.008

现代运河岸坡长期稳定性及安全保障关键技术研究进展与发展建议

薛大为¹(), 钟一顺¹, 何茂丰¹, 鲍成儒¹, 刘先林², 闫强³, 邵羽², 吕玺琳¹^,†()

1.同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑与工程系，上海 200092
2.广西交通设计集团有限公司，南宁 530029
3.平陆运河集团有限公司，南宁 530029

收稿日期:2025-02-19 修回日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者: ^†
作者简介:薛大为，特聘研究员，博士研究生导师。中国土木工程学会土力学及岩土工程分会会青年工作委员会委员，上海市力学学会岩土力学专委会委员，Biogeotechnics、《应用基础与工程科学学报》青年编委。主要从事高阶连续体理论及岩土本构关系、材料稳定性分析理论、跨尺度数值模拟方法的研究。获博士研究生国家奖学金、中冶集团科技进步奖一等奖、同济大学优秀博士学位论文，并入选上海市领军（海外）人才计划。发表论文30余篇。授权国际、国内专利6件，登记国家软件著作权5件。电子信箱：daweixue@tongji.edu.cn。
吕玺琳，教授，博士研究生导师。同济大学土木工程学院地基基础工程研究所所长。美国土木工程师学会（ASCE）计算岩土专委会委员，国际土协（ISSMGE）-TC214、TC222通信委员，中国岩石力学与工程学会岩土地基与结构工程分会常务理事，中国土木工程学会隧道及地下工程分会理事，中国建筑学会工程诊治与运维分会理事，中国力学学会岩土力学专业委员会委员等。Geoenvironmental Disasters副主编，《应用基础与工程科学学报》《地基处理》编委。主要从事土体渐进破坏分析理论、城市地下工程、边坡稳定性、路基沉降控制、智能岩土工程等方面研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目30余项。获省部级及全国行业学（协）会科技进步奖一、二等奖10余项。出版专著、教材6部。发表论文180余篇。授权发明专利40余件，登记国家软件著作权23件。参编国家、地方及行业标准规范5项。电子信箱：xilinlu@tongji.edu.cn。
基金资助:
资助项目：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA23023018);广西南宁市 “邕江计划” 青年人才专项(RC20230108)

Research Progress and Development Recommendations on Key Technologies for Long-term Stability and Safety Assurance of Modern Canal Slopes

XUE Dawei¹(), ZHONG Yishun¹, HE Maofeng¹, BAO Chengru¹, LIU Xianlin², YAN Qiang³, SHAO Yu², LÜ Xilin¹^,†()

1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2. Guangxi Communications Design Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530029, China
3. Pinglu Canal Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530029, China

Received:2025-02-19 Revised:2025-04-22 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-17
Contact: ^†

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代运河岸坡稳定性是保障水路畅通及区域协调发展的重要基础。文章主要围绕现代运河岸坡长期稳定性及安全保障关键技术研究方向，系统性梳理了国内外相关研究成果，总结了国内外运河岸坡稳定性领域的研究现状、技术发展趋势及面临的主要挑战，分析了岩土体性质、自然因素与人类活动对岸坡稳定性的综合影响。探讨了应对复杂环境与高风险区段的岸坡安全保障新技术与智能化管理策略，并给出现代运河岸坡防护关键技术综合发展建议，以期为现代运河体系建设提供理论支撑与技术路径参考。

关键词: 现代运河, 岸坡稳定性, 安全评价, 防护技术

Abstract:

The stability of modern canal slopes is a crucial foundation for ensuring the smooth operation of waterways and supporting regional coordinated development. Focusing on the long-term stability and safety assurance of modern canal slopes, this paper systematically reviews related research achievements both domestically and internationally. It summarizes the current state of research, technological development trends, and major challenges in the field of canal slope stability. Additionally, it analyzes the combined effects of geotechnical properties, natural factors, and human activities on slope stability. The paper explores new technologies and intelligent management strategies for ensuring slope safety in complex environments and high-risk segments. Finally, it provides comprehensive recommendations for the development of key slope protection technologies in modern canal systems, with the aim of offering theoretical support and technical guidance for the construction of modern canal networks.

Key words: modern canal, slope stability, safety assessment, protection technologies

薛大为, 钟一顺, 何茂丰, 鲍成儒, 刘先林, 闫强, 邵羽, 吕玺琳. 现代运河岸坡长期稳定性及安全保障关键技术研究进展与发展建议[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(3): 84-96.

XUE Dawei, ZHONG Yishun, HE Maofeng, BAO Chengru, LIU Xianlin, YAN Qiang, SHAO Yu, LÜ Xilin. Research Progress and Development Recommendations on Key Technologies for Long-term Stability and Safety Assurance of Modern Canal Slopes[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(3): 84-96.

图/表 7

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	Shi J, Zhang X D, Zhen Z L, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness and adaptability of anti-frost-heaving materials for channel lining in frozen earth areas based on temperature-stress coupling[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(3): 131-136, 142. (in Chinese)
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案例	灾害原因
引江济淮工程	膨胀土和崩解岩
平陆运河马道枢纽基坑	软硬夹层、风化层
苏南运河陵口段	粉砂土层在动水压力下易发生流土、管涌
湛江引调水工程	全风化砂岩与粉质黏土交错分布，开挖困难
苏伊士运河	沙漠和基岩交界处跨地貌单元处稳定性差异巨大
巴拿马运河	玄武岩、沉积岩等火成岩软硬不一，多次出现滑坡事故

案例	灾害原因
引江济淮工程	膨胀土和崩解岩
平陆运河马道枢纽基坑	软硬夹层、风化层
苏南运河陵口段	粉砂土层在动水压力下易发生流土、管涌
湛江引调水工程	全风化砂岩与粉质黏土交错分布，开挖困难
苏伊士运河	沙漠和基岩交界处跨地貌单元处稳定性差异巨大
巴拿马运河	玄武岩、沉积岩等火成岩软硬不一，多次出现滑坡事故

岸坡岩土体类型	面临问题	防护措施
崩解岩、风化岩等较软弱岩石	高温季节降雨导致浅层温差过大，软岩发生快速风化	有机基材喷播植草技术
膨胀土	易吸水膨胀失水收缩，导致边坡变形	非膨胀黏性土或水泥改性土换填，双层结构防护方案
冻土	冻胀破坏风险高，长期冻融循环引发结构开裂	土工格室，铰接模压混凝土结构
软黏土	天然强度低，加固桩作用有限	石灰柱加固
表层砂土	砂土结构疏松，黏聚力低，抗冲刷能力差，易受水流侵蚀	聚氨酯型生态稳定剂与砂土混合，生成固化膜包裹砂粒
砂壤土、壤土	土体松散易冲，水位变化导致干湿交替，冲刷剧烈	植被护坡，刚-柔协同护坡

岸坡岩土体类型	面临问题	防护措施
崩解岩、风化岩等较软弱岩石	高温季节降雨导致浅层温差过大，软岩发生快速风化	有机基材喷播植草技术
膨胀土	易吸水膨胀失水收缩，导致边坡变形	非膨胀黏性土或水泥改性土换填，双层结构防护方案
冻土	冻胀破坏风险高，长期冻融循环引发结构开裂	土工格室，铰接模压混凝土结构
软黏土	天然强度低，加固桩作用有限	石灰柱加固
表层砂土	砂土结构疏松，黏聚力低，抗冲刷能力差，易受水流侵蚀	聚氨酯型生态稳定剂与砂土混合，生成固化膜包裹砂粒
砂壤土、壤土	土体松散易冲，水位变化导致干湿交替，冲刷剧烈	植被护坡，刚-柔协同护坡

现代运河岸坡长期稳定性及安全保障关键技术研究进展与发展建议

Research Progress and Development Recommendations on Key Technologies for Long-term Stability and Safety Assurance of Modern Canal Slopes

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