现代运河绿色航道高效安全运行的挑战及科学问题

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.004

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 42-50.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.004

现代运河绿色航道高效安全运行的挑战及科学问题

杨胜发¹^,²^,^†(), 胡江¹^,², 童思陈¹^,², 王丽¹^,², 姜蕾¹^,²

1.重庆交通大学河海学院，重庆 400074
2.国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心，重庆 400074

收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2024-11-26 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者: ^†
作者简介:杨胜发，教授，博士研究生导师。重庆交通大学副校长。国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心执行主任，入选国家百千万人才工程、国家有突出贡献中青年专家、享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。中国水利学会港航专业委员会副主任，国际航运协会内河信息服务工作组中国组组长。主要从事长江上游及平陆运河绿色航道建设研究。获省部级特等奖、一等奖等10余项。出版专著5部，发表论文100余篇。授权发明专利40件。电子信箱：ysf777@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3208800)

Challenges and Scientific Issues of Efficient and Safe Operation of Green Waterway for Modern Canal

YANG Shengfa¹^,²^,^†(), HU Jiang¹^,², TONG Sichen¹^,², WANG Li¹^,², JIANG Lei¹^,²

1. School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2. National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing 400074, China

Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2024-11-26 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-17
Contact: ^†

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代运河是国家综合立体交通网的重要组成部分，在内河航运中具有极其重要的战略地位和作用。文章围绕“现代运河绿色航道高效安全运行”的主题，梳理分析了现代大型运河工程建设面临的水生态安全与航道高效安全运行等方面的重大挑战及国内外相关研究进展，总结凝练了大型运河工程廊道生境的生态响应机制、融合水质-生境-景观的运河生态调控机制、高密度船舶运动-盐水入侵多物理过程及调控机制、船闸间航道复杂水动力耦合机理与通航安全调控、干支流交汇复杂流态形成机理与通航安全保障机制等5个亟须解决的关键科学问题，助力绿色低碳现代运河工程建设，以期为国家综合立体交通网的高质量建设提供科技支撑。

关键词: 现代运河, 绿色航道, 强非恒定流调控, 支流入汇治理, 通航安全

Abstract:

The construction of modern canals is the key task of constructing a national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network in the future. It has extremely important strategic significance in inland navigation. This paper focuses on the theme of “Efficient and Safe Operation of Green Waterways for Modern Canals”, reviews the major challenges of water ecological security and efficient and safe operation of waterways in the construction of modern canal projects, and analyzes relevant research progress. Furthermore, it summarizes five urgent scientific issues, including the ecological response mechanism of the corridor habitat of large-scale canal projects, the canal ecological regulation mechanism integrating water quality, habitat, and landscape, the multi-physical process and regulation mechanism of high-density ship movement and saltwater intrusion, the complex hydrodynamic coupling mechanism and navigation safety regulation of the waterway between locks, and the formation mechanism of complex flow patterns at the intersection of stem stream and tributaries and the navigation safety guarantee mechanism. It will help realize the construction of a green and low-carbon modern canal project and provide scientific and technological support for the high-quality construction of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network.

Key words: modern canal, green waterway, regulation of strong unsteady flow, tributary inflow management, navigation safety

杨胜发, 胡江, 童思陈, 王丽, 姜蕾. 现代运河绿色航道高效安全运行的挑战及科学问题[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(3): 42-50.

YANG Shengfa, HU Jiang, TONG Sichen, WANG Li, JIANG Lei. Challenges and Scientific Issues of Efficient and Safe Operation of Green Waterway for Modern Canal[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(3): 42-50.

图/表 3

图1 平陆运河跨沙坪河流域和钦江流域

Fig. 1 Pinglu Canal across Shaping River basin and Qinjiang River basin

表1 主要入海船闸防咸技术对比（以平陆运河青年船闸无防咸时为100%）

Table 1 Comparison of salt-proof technology of sea-entering locks (100% when Pinglu Canal Youth Lock is not salt-proof)

防咸措施	咸水入侵率/%	淡水损耗率/%	工程造价/%	运行成本/%	船闸运行效率/%
气幕法	40~50	50~60	100.15	105	100
置换法	5	10~30	>200.00	150	50~60
咸水箱法	5~7	5~10	>300.00	200	40~50
现有集咸坑法	5~10	150~200	101.00	105	80~90
灌泄一体集咸坑法	5~10	45~100	101.20	100	100

图2 平陆运河支流口分布及典型支干入汇关系示意

Fig. 2 Distribution of tributaries in Pinglu Canal and the confluence relationship between typical tributaries and stem stream

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现代运河绿色航道高效安全运行的挑战及科学问题

Challenges and Scientific Issues of Efficient and Safe Operation of Green Waterway for Modern Canal

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