现代运河大体积混凝土温控技术发展现状与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.006

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 63-73.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.006

现代运河大体积混凝土温控技术发展现状与展望

李庆斌¹^,²(), 姚淇耀¹, 胡昱¹^,², 肖建庄¹^,³, 罗丹旎¹^,³^,^†()

1.广西大学土木建筑工程学院，南宁 530004
2.清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室，北京 100084
3.广西大学特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全全国重点实验室，南宁 530004

收稿日期:2024-11-30 修回日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者: ^†
作者简介:李庆斌，教授，博士研究生导师。水沙科学与水利水电工程全国重点实验室主任。《水力发电学报》主编。主要从事大坝混凝土断裂损伤力学、高坝结构分析与智能建造等方面的研究。主持国家级、省部级重大科研攻关项目17项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖、教育部科技进步奖一等奖和教育部自然科学奖一等奖等奖项。出版专著2部，发表论文260余篇。授权发明专利50余件。电子信箱：qingbinli@tsinghua.edu.cn。
罗丹旎，副教授，博士研究生导师。主要从事水工混凝土界面断裂、水工结构安全分析等研究。主持国家级、省部级等科研项目8项。发表论文20余篇。授权发明专利10余件。电子信箱：luodn@gxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52179125);广西自然科学基金(2023JJA160288);广西重大人才项目

Development and Prospect of Temperature Control Technology of Mass Concrete for Modern Canal

LI Qingbin¹^,²(), YAO Qiyao¹, HU Yu¹^,², XIAO Jianzhuang¹^,³, LUO Danni¹^,³^,^†()

1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2024-11-30 Revised:2025-04-14 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-17
Contact: ^†

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大体积混凝土温控问题在现代运河建设中不可避免，影响着大体积混凝土结构的施工质量和使用寿命。在人工智能新时代及“碳达峰与碳中和”目标的背景下，大体积混凝土温控技术的发展面临着由传统施工措施向智能控制技术转型的机遇和挑战。为解决大体积混凝土水化热引起的开裂问题，并促进大体积混凝土温控技术智能化，文章系统分析了大体积混凝土温控技术的发展现状，结合材料选用、施工措施和智能温控等方面的研究成果，总结了大体积混凝土温控技术面临的挑战，最后指出需加强材料选用、施工措施和智能温控技术的深度融合，并加快大体积混凝土智能监控及预测技术、互联互通技术的研发与应用等发展建议。

关键词: 大体积混凝土, 温控, 防裂, 现代运河, 低碳

Abstract:

The issue of temperature control for mass concrete in modern canal construction is inevitable, influencing the construction quality and service life of mass concrete structures. In the context of the new era of artificial intelligence, the development of mass concrete temperature control technology is facing opportunities and challenges in transitioning from traditional construction measures to intelligent control technologies. To solve the cracking problem caused by the heat of hydration in mass concrete and promote the intelligence of temperature control technology for mass concrete, this paper systematically analyzes the current state of development of mass concrete temperature control technology, incorporating research findings from construction measures, material selection, and intelligent temperature control. It summarizes the challenges faced by mass concrete temperature control technology and points out the need to strengthen the deep integration of construction measures, material selection, and intelligent temperature control technologies. Additionally, it emphasizes the acceleration of the development of intelligent monitoring and prediction, as well as interconnectivity technologies for mass concrete.

Key words: mass concrete, temperature control, crack prevention, modern canal, low carbon

李庆斌, 姚淇耀, 胡昱, 肖建庄, 罗丹旎. 现代运河大体积混凝土温控技术发展现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(3): 63-73.

LI Qingbin, YAO Qiyao, HU Yu, XIAO Jianzhuang, LUO Danni. Development and Prospect of Temperature Control Technology of Mass Concrete for Modern Canal[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(3): 63-73.

图/表 4

参考文献 42

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温控防裂材料	优势	劣势
低热水泥	① 低水化热、后期强度增长率大、后期强度高； ② 流变性和抗氯离子侵蚀性能可得到一定的提升； ③ 经济效益好	① 水化速率慢，影响早期强度增长； ② 施工周期延长
温升抑制剂	① 可有效降低水化放热速率； ② 有助于实现大体积混凝土温度场的孪生和控制	① 成本较高； ② 在低温条件下使用会导致水泥水化不完全
相变材料	① 即使在较大温差下，仍可控制温度平衡； ② 可用于高强大体积混凝土	① 成本高； ② 技术不成熟； ③ 工艺复杂
膨胀剂	通过产生膨胀应力，补偿因温度变化产生的收缩	① 用量控制不当，易产生开裂； ② 影响混凝土和易性
抗裂纤维	① 可有效控制裂缝的产生和发展； ② 施工工艺简单	① 成本高； ② 分散不均匀，易导致强度降低

温控防裂材料	优势	劣势
低热水泥	① 低水化热、后期强度增长率大、后期强度高； ② 流变性和抗氯离子侵蚀性能可得到一定的提升； ③ 经济效益好	① 水化速率慢，影响早期强度增长； ② 施工周期延长
温升抑制剂	① 可有效降低水化放热速率； ② 有助于实现大体积混凝土温度场的孪生和控制	① 成本较高； ② 在低温条件下使用会导致水泥水化不完全
相变材料	① 即使在较大温差下，仍可控制温度平衡； ② 可用于高强大体积混凝土	① 成本高； ② 技术不成熟； ③ 工艺复杂
膨胀剂	通过产生膨胀应力，补偿因温度变化产生的收缩	① 用量控制不当，易产生开裂； ② 影响混凝土和易性
抗裂纤维	① 可有效控制裂缝的产生和发展； ② 施工工艺简单	① 成本高； ② 分散不均匀，易导致强度降低

施工措施	优势	劣势
原材料预冷（风冷或水冷）	① 冷却方法简单，易实现智能控制； ② 适用范围广	① 成本相对较高； ② 施工周期延长
新拌混凝土冷却（液氮冷却）	① 成本低； ② 易获取； ③ 冷却效果好	① 冷却不均匀会影响混凝土强度发展； ② 会导致混凝土坍落度降低和凝结时间延长； ③ 混凝土搅拌机需要特殊衬板
冷却水管系统	在大体积混凝土结构中可有效控制水化热（如大坝）	① 成本高昂； ② 可能会导致水管周围混凝土产生温度裂缝
保温隔热	成本低	① 温控效果与其他方法相比较差； ② 需要长时间放置

施工措施	优势	劣势
原材料预冷（风冷或水冷）	① 冷却方法简单，易实现智能控制； ② 适用范围广	① 成本相对较高； ② 施工周期延长
新拌混凝土冷却（液氮冷却）	① 成本低； ② 易获取； ③ 冷却效果好	① 冷却不均匀会影响混凝土强度发展； ② 会导致混凝土坍落度降低和凝结时间延长； ③ 混凝土搅拌机需要特殊衬板
冷却水管系统	在大体积混凝土结构中可有效控制水化热（如大坝）	① 成本高昂； ② 可能会导致水管周围混凝土产生温度裂缝
保温隔热	成本低	① 温控效果与其他方法相比较差； ② 需要长时间放置

现代运河大体积混凝土温控技术发展现状与展望

Development and Prospect of Temperature Control Technology of Mass Concrete for Modern Canal

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