Abstract:

Quantum computing is undergoing a critical transition from laboratory research to industrial application, poised to exert a profound impact on future information technology systems. Through an in-depth analysis of the upstream and downstream industrial chain of quantum computing, this study reveals that while China still faces certain technological bottlenecks and supply chain risks in upstream segments—specifically in key equipment, core materials, and specialized components—the pace of indigenous R&D and substitution is accelerating significantly. The downstream industrial ecosystem has been initially established, with quantum computing cloud platforms currently serving as the primary service model. In the long term, algorithm services and scenario-specific applications demonstrate substantial potential. The research indicates that China needs to elevate quantum computing to the strategic level of an emerging key industry for systematic planning. Efforts should focus on breakthroughs in upstream core technologies to achieve autonomy and controllability, while concurrently fostering a software and application ecosystem centered on cloud platforms. By strengthening coordination across the entire industry chain, China can seize the initiative in the global quantum technology competition and guide industrial development.

Key words: quantum computing, upstream and downstream industrial chain, quantum chip, qubit measurement and control, quantum measurement and control software, quantum computing cloud platform

摘要：

量子计算正经历从前沿技术探索迈向颠覆性产业转型的关键阶段，已成为重塑未来信息社会格局的核心引擎。文章深入剖析了量子计算上下游产业链的现状，指出目前我国上游产业链的关键设备、核心材料与专用器件仍存在一定程度的外部依赖，但自主化替代进程已呈加速态势；下游产业生态已具雏形，当前以量子云算力平台为主要服务形态，长远来看，量子计算在算法服务与场景应用方面的潜力正逐步显现。研究表明，我国需将量子计算提升至战略性新兴产业高度进行系统性布局，上游聚焦核心环节突破，实现自主可控，下游构建以云平台为枢纽的软件与应用生态，依托产业链上下游协同联动，在全球量子科技竞争中抢占产业发展主导权。

关键词: 量子计算, 上下游产业链, 量子芯片, 量子比特测控, 量子测控软件, 量子计算云平台