Abstract:

Benefiting from quantum superposition and quantum entanglement, quantum computing offers significant computational speedup over classical counterparts for certain classes of complex problems. Ion trap is one of the leading physical platforms for realizing universal quantum computing. High-fidelity elementary quantum operations above the fault-tolerant threshold in small-scale systems have been demonstrated, such as state preparation and measurement, and universal quantum gates. Scaling trapped-ion systems to larger qubit counts while maintaining high fidelity is a central challenge and a key research direction toward practical quantum computing. This article begins with an overview of the principles of quantum parallel computing and historical development of quantum computing, which is followed by a comprehensive discussion of the foundational concepts and recent progress in ion trap quantum computing from the perspectives of hardware architecture and computing principles. Then, it focuses on the critical issue of scaling, reviewing mainstream approaches such as ion transport and ion-photon quantum networks, along with their current limitations. Furthermore, it explores emerging strategies for scaling, including the development of two-dimensional ion crystal. Finally, the article provides recommendations to accelerate the advancement of quantum computing from both technological and industrial perspectives.

Key words: ion trap quantum computing, quantum superposition and quantum entanglement, ion trap, scaling, two-dimensional ion crystal

摘要：

量子叠加性与量子纠缠使量子计算在特定复杂问题领域相对于经典计算展现出显著的加速效果。 离子阱是当前实现通用量子计算最为领先的物理平台之一，其已在小规模系统中实现了保真度与精度超越容错阈值的量子操控，如量子态制备与测量、通用量子逻辑门等。如何实现离子量子计算的规模化是该领域重要的研究方向之一。文章概述了量子并行计算原理、量子计算发展历程，从硬件架构及计算原理两方面详细论述了离子量子计算的基本原理和相应进展；介绍了当前离子量子计算研究中主流的规模化方案及其限制因素，如离子输运、离子-光子量子网络方案，探讨了二维离子阵列等新的规模化方案；从技术和产业层面给出了推动量子计算加速发展的建议。

关键词: 离子量子计算, 量子叠加性与量子纠缠, 离子阱, 规模化, 二维离子阵列