月球及火星熔洞密封技术发展及其方案可行性研究

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.007

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (1): 86-99.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.007

月球及火星熔洞密封技术发展及其方案可行性研究

邱家稳¹^,²(), 崔致和²^,^†(), 何延春², 王琎², 霍丽霞², 马动涛²

1.中国空间技术研究院，北京 100094
2.兰州空间技术物理研究所，真空技术与物理重点实验室，兰州 730000

收稿日期:2023-12-29 修回日期:2024-01-23 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-27
通讯作者: †
作者简介:邱家稳，研究员，博士研究生导师。国际宇航科学院院士。中国空间技术研究院某型号卫星总指挥。主要从事真空技术、表面工程和航天器研制工作。电子信箱：13911816829@139.com。
崔致和，研究员。主要从事航天器环境控制技术、航天器结构与机构方面的研究工作。获甘肃省科技进步奖一等奖等7项。电子信箱：peterdfgy@sina.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U20B2008)

Prospect and Feasibility of Lunar and Martian Lava Tube Sealing Technology

QIU Jiawen¹^,²(), CUI Zhihe²^,^†(), HE Yanchun², WANG Jin², HUO Lixia², MA Dongtao²

1. China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
2. Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2023-12-29 Revised:2024-01-23 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-27
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

月球及火星等地外天体上的熔洞具有抗辐射性、抗陨石撞击、防月/火尘和隔热保温性好等优点，利用熔洞建立居住基地是未来人类在地外天体长时间驻留的可选方案之一。文章探讨了熔洞基地建设中最基本的技术问题之一——熔洞密封技术方案的可行性；讨论了空间密封结构和快速检漏技术；提出了两种熔洞密封方案——基于独立柔性气腔的密封结构方案和基于熔洞内表面涂层处理的密封方案；提炼出了需要解决的关键技术问题，并对密封技术的未来发展趋势进行展望；给出本领域研究的发展建议，为未来深空探测和地外天体的基地建设提供技术支撑。

关键词: 空间密封技术, 月球基地, 火星基地, 熔岩管, 空间移民, 密封涂层, 密封可行性分析

Abstract:

The lava tubes on the Moon, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies have the advantages of radiation resistance, meteorite impact resistance, lunar/Martian dust protection, and great thermal insulation. Constructing a habitat base in the lunar or Martian lava tube is one of the feasible options for humans to stay in extraterrestrial bodies for a long time in the future. This paper investigates the feasibility of the lava tube sealing technology, which is one of the most basic technical problems in the construction of lava bases. The space seal structures and the rapid leak detection technique are discussed. Two lava tube sealing schemes are proposed. One is based on the independent and flexible gasbag, and the other is based on the coating treatment for the inner lava tube surface. The key technical problems that need to be solved are described. The development trend of the sealing technology is discussed, and future research in this field is suggested. This study will provide technical support the future deep space exploration and base construction in extraterrestrial objects.’

Key words: space sealing technology, lunar base, Martian base, lava tubes, space immigration, sealing coatings, sealing feasibility analysis

邱家稳, 崔致和, 何延春, 王琎, 霍丽霞, 马动涛. 月球及火星熔洞密封技术发展及其方案可行性研究[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(1): 86-99.

QIU Jiawen, CUI Zhihe, HE Yanchun, WANG Jin, HUO Lixia, MA Dongtao. Prospect and Feasibility of Lunar and Martian Lava Tube Sealing Technology[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(1): 86-99.

图/表 12

图1 “嫦娥五号”月球样品密封封装装置密封结构图

Fig. 1 Sealing structure of lunar sample packaging device of Chang’e-5

图2 “嫦娥四号”任务生物试验载荷的密封结构示意图

Fig. 2 Sealing structure for biological test payload of Chang’e-4

图3 中国空间站气闸舱构型图

Fig. 3 Configuration of airlock module of the Chinese Space Station

图4 飞艇蒙皮材料的主要组成示意图

Fig. 4 Main composition of airship skin materials

图5 柔性主舱与刚性气闸舱串联结构图

Fig. 5 Tandem structure of flexible main cabin and rigid cabin

图6 柔性气囊结构示意图

Fig. 6 Flexible airbag structure

图7 标准柔性气囊舱小型基地示意图

Fig. 7 A small base constructed with standard flexible airbag cabins

图8 熔洞密封结构基本型组成示意图

Fig. 8 Basic composition of sealing structure of lava cave

图9 过渡舱展开后包络示意图

Fig. 9 Unfolding transition cabin

图10 后舱门折展包络示意图

Fig. 10 Unfolding and folding rear hatch

表1 常见涂装技术在月面高真空等环境实施工艺对比

Table 1 Comparison of common painting techniques implemented in lunar high vacuum and other environments

涂装技术	原材料性状	存在的问题	可行性
气体压力喷涂	悬浊液	黏度受高低温影响大；真空或低气压下稀释剂挥发剧烈	真空或高低温下实施难度大，可行性差
高压无气喷涂	悬浊液	黏度受高低温影响大；真空或低气压下稀释剂挥发剧烈	真空或高低温下实施难度大，可行性差
（真空）静电喷涂	悬浊液	同上	同上
（真空）静电喷涂	固态粉体	聚合物粉低温下不易沉积与成膜；涂层需加热固化	需载气供应设备、加热设备等，载气消散速率高；高压静电发生器在月面工作机制不清，可行性差
火焰喷涂	固态粉体	需要燃气与助燃气产生火焰；涂层需加热固化	需燃气与助燃气供应设备、加热设备等；可行性较差
（真空）冷喷涂	固态粉体	粉体输送需要惰性载气；喷枪覆盖面积较小	需载气供应设备；粉体在高低温、月面岩石基体表面的沉积控制有待研究，具有一定可行性
（真空）等离子体喷涂	固态粉体	粉体输送需要惰性载气（或燃气与助燃气）；电源功耗非常高；喷枪覆盖面积较小	需粉体输送载气（或燃气与助燃气）供应设备、高功率供电设备；粉体在高低温环境中的沉积控制，燃气与助燃气在月面的燃烧行为，可操作性较低
（真空）电弧喷涂
爆炸喷涂

图11 气囊与过渡舱的连接及密封方式

Fig. 11 Connection and sealing method between airbag and transition cabin

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月球及火星熔洞密封技术发展及其方案可行性研究

Prospect and Feasibility of Lunar and Martian Lava Tube Sealing Technology

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