月面形貌勘察重建及其在熔岩管探测中的应用与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.003

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (1): 34-48.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.003

月面形貌勘察重建及其在熔岩管探测中的应用与展望

周昶宇¹(), 周米玉¹, 徐聿升¹^,², 童小华¹^,²^,^†()

1.同济大学测绘与地理信息学院，上海 200092
2.上海市航天测绘遥感与空间探测重点实验室，上海 200092

收稿日期:2023-11-21 修回日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-27
通讯作者: †
作者简介:周昶宇，博士。主要从事探地雷达信号处理、阵列信号处理及其在月球熔岩管探测方面的应用等研究。电子信箱：23310175@tongji.edu.cn。
童小华，教授，中国工程院院士。同济大学副校长。同济大学学术委员会委员，上海市航天测绘遥感与空间探测重点实验室主任，国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“航天测绘遥感与深空探测”负责人。主要从事航天测绘遥感与深空探测方面的研究。发表论文100余篇，相关成果应用于嫦娥探月、测绘卫星、高分卫星以及国土资源调查等。电子信箱：xhtong@tongji.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42221002)

Lunar Topographic Survey and Reconstruction and Its Application in Lava Tube Exploration

ZHOU Changyu¹(), ZHOU Miyu¹, XU Yusheng¹^,², TONG Xiaohua¹^,²^,^†()

1. College of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2. The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Mapping and Remote Sensing for Planetary Exploration, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2023-11-21 Revised:2024-01-30 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-27
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

月球的熔岩管洞穴具有天然的地下管道结构，能够在强辐射、大温差和频繁陨石撞击等月面高风险环境中提供良好的庇护，成为了建立月球科研站等地外基地的必然选择。而随着月面形貌勘察重建技术的不断进展，高精度的形貌勘察手段和高精细的三维形貌模型可以为月球熔岩管洞穴的探测与应用潜力的评估提供强有力的支撑。文章总结了人类在月球探测的不同阶段的主要任务，以及熔岩管洞穴与未来月球基地选址和建设的关系，并对中国目前熔岩管洞穴探测的研究现状进行了简要分析。同时，借助对月面熔岩管洞穴的常用探测手段的分析，对月面形貌勘察重建技术在熔岩管探测中的应用现状、发展需求和挑战进行了讨论。最后，对未来月球熔岩管的探测进行了展望并提出建议，以期推动月球熔岩管洞穴探测和相关科学研究的全球发展，为人类命运共同体的太空征程而共同努力。

关键词: 月球探测, 摄影测量与遥感, 熔岩管洞穴, 形貌勘察重建

Abstract:

Lunar lava tubes have a natural underground pipeline structure, providing excellent shelter in high-risk lunar environments such as strong radiation, large temperature variations, and frequent meteorite impacts. This makes them an inevitable choice for establishing extraterrestrial bases like lunar scientific research stations. With the continuous advancement of lunar topographic survey and reconstruction technology, high-precision topographic survey methods and detailed 3D topographic models can provide strong support for the exploration and application potential evaluation of lunar lava tubes. This article summarizes the main tasks of human lunar exploration at different stages and discusses the relationship between lava tubes and the selection and construction of future lunar bases. It also briefly analyzes the current research status of lava tube exploration in China. Furthermore, by analyzing the common exploration methods for lunar lava tubes, the article discusses the current application status, development requirements, and challenges of lunar topographic survey and reconstruction technology in lava tube exploration. In conclusion, the article outlines the prospects for future lunar lava tube exploration and presents recommendations, with a view to promoting global development in lunar lava tube exploration and related scientific research and contributing to the human community in the space journey.

Key words: lunar exploration, photogrammetry and remote sensing, lava tube, topographic survey and reconstruction

周昶宇, 周米玉, 徐聿升, 童小华. 月面形貌勘察重建及其在熔岩管探测中的应用与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(1): 34-48.

ZHOU Changyu, ZHOU Miyu, XU Yusheng, TONG Xiaohua. Lunar Topographic Survey and Reconstruction and Its Application in Lava Tube Exploration[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(1): 34-48.

图/表 6

图1 绕月轨道器获取的静海（Mare Tranquillitatis）区域熔岩管天窗影像

Fig. 1 Lava tube skylight in Mare Tranquillitatis acquired by lunar orbiter

图2 普通撞击坑与熔岩管塌陷后形成的天窗的剖面结构对比

Fig. 2 Profile comparison between a standard crater and a skylight generated by the collapse of a lava tube

表1 熔岩管探测方法对比

Table 1 Comparison of lunar lava tube detection methods

探测方法	分辨率/m	最大探测深度/km	搭载平台	是否实现对熔岩管的探测
重力探测	3×10⁴	60.00	轨道器	已实现
雷达探测	100	5.00	轨道器	已实现
探地雷达	1~5	0.05	着陆器或巡视器	尚未实现

图3 熔岩管洞穴的天窗结构与熔岩板上的孔洞的影像对比

Fig. 3 Image comparison between a skylight on lava tube and a hole on lava plate

表2 国内外主要月球轨道器及其搭载的遥感影像数据

Table 2 Main lunar orbiters and their remote sensing image data in China and abroad

轨道器名称	国家	发射年份	光学传感器	空间分辨率/m
克莱门汀（Clementine）	美国	1994	可见光相机高分辨率相机	200 7~20
月亮女神（SELENE/Kaguya）	日本	2007	地形相机	10
嫦娥一号（CE-1）	中国	2007	立体相机	120
月船一号（Chandrayaan-1）	印度	2008	地形测绘相机	5
月球勘测轨道器（LRO）	美国	2009	窄角相机宽角相机	0.5~2.0 100
嫦娥二号（CE-2）	中国	2010	立体相机	1.5~7
月船二号（Chandrayaan-2）	印度	2019	高分辨率相机	0.32
嫦娥七号（CE-7）	中国	计划	立体相机	0.5

图4 智海深坑区域熔岩管洞穴的立体遥感影像与三维形貌重建结果

Fig. 4 Stereoscopic remote sensing image and three-dimensional topographic reconstruction results of lava tubes in Mare Ingenii Pit region

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月面形貌勘察重建及其在熔岩管探测中的应用与展望

Lunar Topographic Survey and Reconstruction and Its Application in Lava Tube Exploration

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