Abstract:

The operating speed of the high-speed maglev train is increased to 600 km/h, resulting in a significant increase in aerodynamic drag and lift forces. The aerodynamic lift force of each carriage varies greatly and changes drastically. In scenes with strong winds, two-train crossing, and entering or exiting tunnels, the overturning moment, yawing moment, and pitching moment of the train increase significantly, and even exhibit severe fluctuations, which not only seriously affects the running stability of the high-speed maglev train but also increases the difficulty of accurate control of the levitation guidance system. This paper discusses the current research status of aerodynamic design of high-speed maglev trains, analyzes the challenges faced in terms of basic theory, key technologies, and standard and evaluation system. The paper proposes research directions and countermeasures for aerodynamic design of high-speed maglev trains focusing on running stability. The research directions and countermeasures include the matching design of aerodynamic forces and electromagnetic forces, the construction of aerodynamic collaborative design and experimental verification technology system.

Key words: maglev train, aerodynamics, electromagnetic levitation, aerodynamic design, running stability

摘要：

高速磁浮列车运行速度提升至600 km/h，其气动阻力、升力急剧增加，各车厢气动升力差异巨大且变化增大；强风、交会及进出隧道场景下，列车倾覆力矩、偏航力矩及俯仰力矩显著增加，甚至出现剧烈波动，不仅严重影响高速磁浮列车运行平稳性，同时加大了悬浮导向系统精准控制的难度。文章论述了高速磁浮列车气动设计研究现状，从基础理论、关键技术与标准评估方面剖析了高速磁浮列车气动设计面临的挑战，围绕气动力与电磁力匹配设计、气动协同设计与试验验证技术体系构建，提出了面向行车平稳性的高速磁浮列车气动设计研究方向与对策建议。

关键词: 磁浮列车, 空气动力学, 电磁悬浮, 气动设计, 运行平稳性