关键词: 量子计算, 上下游产业链, 量子芯片, 量子比特测控, 量子测控软件, 量子计算云平台

Abstract:

Quantum computing is undergoing a critical transition from laboratory research to industrial application, poised to exert a profound impact on future information technology systems. Through an in-depth analysis of the upstream and downstream industrial chain of quantum computing, this study reveals that while China still faces certain technological bottlenecks and supply chain risks in upstream segments—specifically in key equipment, core materials, and specialized components—the pace of indigenous R&D and substitution is accelerating significantly. The downstream industrial ecosystem has been initially established, with quantum computing cloud platforms currently serving as the primary service model. In the long term, algorithm services and scenario-specific applications demonstrate substantial potential. The research indicates that China needs to elevate quantum computing to the strategic level of an emerging key industry for systematic planning. Efforts should focus on breakthroughs in upstream core technologies to achieve autonomy and controllability, while concurrently fostering a software and application ecosystem centered on cloud platforms. By strengthening coordination across the entire industry chain, China can seize the initiative in the global quantum technology competition and guide industrial development.

Key words: quantum computing, upstream and downstream industrial chain, quantum chip, qubit measurement and control, quantum measurement and control software, quantum computing cloud platform