中性原子量子计算研究进展

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中性原子量子计算作为当前实现量子计算最有前景的物理平台之一，在理论和技术层面均取得了显著进展。文章聚焦中性原子量子计算核心技术，综述了其近年来理论与实验技术的最新进展。其中，阵列规模化与量子门保真度达到阈值等技术的进步，标志着中性原子量子计算正从基础理论迈向实际应用的关键阶段。分析了中性原子量子计算当前面临的挑战与机遇，并进一步提出发展策略，以推动中性原子量子计算在国内的持续发展和实际落地。

关键词: 中性原子量子计算, 阵列规模化, 量子门保真度, 里德堡原子, 里德堡阻塞, 受控量子门

Abstract:

As one of the most promising physical platforms for realizing quantum computation, neutral-atom quantum computing has achieved remarkable progress on both theoretical and technological fronts. This paper focused on the core technologies and reviewed recent advances in theory and experimental techniques. Technological advancements, such as achieving threshold levels in qubit array scalability and quantum gate fidelity, mark a critical transition of neutral-atom quantum computing from fundamental research toward practical applications. In addition, the paper analyzed the current challenges and opportunities and proposed development strategies to further promote the sustained development and practical deployment of neutral-atom quantum computing in China.

Key words: neutral-atom quantum computing, array scalability, quantum gate fidelity, rydberg atom, rydberg blockade, controlled quantum gate

郭富强, 邵晓强. 中性原子量子计算研究进展[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(4): 34-45.

GUO Fuqiang, SHAO Xiaoqiang. Research Progress on Neutral-Atom Quantum Computing[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(4): 34-45.

图/表 4

图1 π-2π-π的里德堡量子门方案[5] 注：Δφt为目标原子的相位变化；ω10为|0〉态和|1〉态间的能级频率差。

Fig. 1 Rydberg quantum gate scheme with π-2π-π[5]

图2 $\left|01\right.〉$和$\left|11\right.〉$态驱动和演化情况[29]

Fig. 2 Driving and evolution of $\left|01\right.〉$ and $\left|11\right.〉\mathrm{?}$states[29]

图3 单时间脉冲调制参数化受控相位门的实现及保真度分析[45]

Fig. 3 Implementation and fidelity analysis of temporal-pulse-modulated parameterized controlled-phase gate[45]

图4 两比特和三比特里德堡量子门的时间最优化分析[46]

Fig. 4 Time optimization analysis of two- and three-qubit Rydberg quantum gates[46]

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