In the context of the major trends toward electrification and intelligence in automobiles, the chassis system, which bears the core functions of vehicle driving, is undergoing a profound transformation from traditional mechanical chassis to x-by-wire chassis. The x-by-wire chassis, which uses electric power to operate and controls braking, driving, steering, and other functions through electrical signals, has great potential for the improvement of various aspects of automotive design, dynamics control, and intelligent driving and has become the focus of domestic and international competition. It is urgent to carry out a forward-looking layout of the x-by-wire chassis to achieve the continuous leadership of China’s new energy vehicle technology. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the global development status of the x-by-wire chassis, systematically organizing the latest advancements and key technologies in its main subsystems, structures, and control areas. It examines and forecasts future trends in x-by-wire chassis development and also offers suggestions for its advancement based on current shortcomings and challenges in China’s x-by-wire chassis technology and industry.