The construction of modern canals is the key task of constructing a national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network in the future. It has extremely important strategic significance in inland navigation. This paper focuses on the theme of “Efficient and Safe Operation of Green Waterways for Modern Canals”, reviews the major challenges of water ecological security and efficient and safe operation of waterways in the construction of modern canal projects, and analyzes relevant research progress. Furthermore, it summarizes five urgent scientific issues, including the ecological response mechanism of the corridor habitat of large-scale canal projects, the canal ecological regulation mechanism integrating water quality, habitat, and landscape, the multi-physical process and regulation mechanism of high-density ship movement and saltwater intrusion, the complex hydrodynamic coupling mechanism and navigation safety regulation of the waterway between locks, and the formation mechanism of complex flow patterns at the intersection of stem stream and tributaries and the navigation safety guarantee mechanism. It will help realize the construction of a green and low-carbon modern canal project and provide scientific and technological support for the high-quality construction of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network.

The extreme transportation capacity of thousand-ton or ten-thousand-ton-level sites reflects a country’s comprehensive scientific, technological, and national defense strength. The multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology of self-propelled modular transporters (SPMT) is a key tool for completing large-scale engineering extreme transportation tasks. Currently, SPMTs face technical bottlenecks such as reliance on manual operation, low control accuracy, and poor collaborative efficiency, which hinder the efficiency and precision of major engineering transportation projects. This paper summarizes the development history, characteristics, current status, existing problems, and technical challenges of multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology for SPMTs, based on both domestic and international progress. It proposes the following development suggestions: ① Develop a new generation of ten-thousand-ton-level extreme transportation capabilities through organized scientific research paradigms, positioning it as a national heavy-duty transportation tool. ② Overcome the challenges of distributed electric drive transportation technology and promote the green and intelligent transformation of SPMTs. ③ Build a virtual-real integrated testing system to break through the theoretical and core technological verification of swarm control. ④ Strengthen the top-level design of technological innovation to create a deep integration ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, and applications.

Electric driving has become the main direction for the upgrading and green development of the global automotive industry. After more than 20 years of arduous cultivation, China’s automotive industry has achieved a certain first-mover advantage in the transformation toward electrification, and the scale of the new energy vehicle industry is leading globally. At the same time, different types of automotive energy supply methods such as hybrid power, pure electrification, and hydrogen fuel cells continue to emerge and develop. Therefore, accelerating the clarification of the supply mode of automotive energy in China under the background of electrification has important guiding significance for industrial development. This article starts with the positive significance of the electrification transformation in the automotive industry, summarizes the current development status and challenges of China’s automotive industry under the background of electrification, and deeply analyzes the technical characteristics of different types of automotive energy supply methods. Finally, after analyzing the development path of automotive energy supply, it proposes development suggestions for automotive energy sources under the background of electrification.

With the continuous development of major engineering projects and high-tech equipment, the service environments for materials have become increasingly extreme and complex, showing harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, severe corrosion, and radiation, as well as multi-factor coupled complexities. These conditions significantly affect the surface and interface behavior of materials, leading to degradation of service performance or even failure. In response to the service requirements of extreme and complex environments, surface and interface engineering has become a key technological means to improve the stability, reliability, and longevity of materials. This review summarized the recent research progress on the surface and interface behavior of materials in extreme and complex service environments. It discussed the material damage and failure mechanisms in high temperature, corrosive, and irradiative conditions, as well as surface coating technologies, interface modification methods, and multi-scale simulations and predictions. Based on the current research status and challenges, future research directions were proposed, including in-situ dynamic visualization of multi-factor coupled damage, artificial intelligence-assisted surface and interface studies, surface multi-functionalization and intelligent design, and green and sustainable surface and interface engineering. This article aims to provide a theoretical foundation and support for the in-depth study and practical application of materials in extreme and complex service environments and provide a scientific basis for policy making and industrial application.