Abstract:

With the continuous development of major engineering projects and high-tech equipment, the service environments for materials have become increasingly extreme and complex, showing harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, severe corrosion, and radiation, as well as multi-factor coupled complexities. These conditions significantly affect the surface and interface behavior of materials, leading to degradation of service performance or even failure. In response to the service requirements of extreme and complex environments, surface and interface engineering has become a key technological means to improve the stability, reliability, and longevity of materials. This review summarized the recent research progress on the surface and interface behavior of materials in extreme and complex service environments. It discussed the material damage and failure mechanisms in high temperature, corrosive, and irradiative conditions, as well as surface coating technologies, interface modification methods, and multi-scale simulations and predictions. Based on the current research status and challenges, future research directions were proposed, including in-situ dynamic visualization of multi-factor coupled damage, artificial intelligence-assisted surface and interface studies, surface multi-functionalization and intelligent design, and green and sustainable surface and interface engineering. This article aims to provide a theoretical foundation and support for the in-depth study and practical application of materials in extreme and complex service environments and provide a scientific basis for policy making and industrial application.

Key words: extreme environment, surface and interface, damage and failure, coating, intelligent material

摘要：

随着重大工程和高技术装备的不断发展，材料服役环境趋于极端化和复杂化，包括高温、高压、强腐蚀、辐射等极端条件和多因素耦合复杂条件，材料的表面与界面行为受到显著影响，进而导致其服役性能下降甚至失效。针对极端复杂环境下的服役需求，表面与界面工程成为提升材料稳定性、可靠性与寿命的关键技术手段。文章综述了近年来极端复杂环境服役材料的表面与界面研究进展，讨论了高温、腐蚀、辐照等极端环境中的材料损伤失效机制、表面涂层技术、界面改性方法及多尺度模拟与预测等方面的研究。结合当前研究现状与挑战，提出了未来发展方向，包括原位动态可视化的多因素耦合损伤研究、人工智能辅助的表面与界面研究、表面多功能化和智能化、绿色可持续表面与界面工程。文章旨在为极端复杂服役环境材料的深入研究与实际应用提供理论基础和支撑，并为政策制定和产业化应用提供科学依据。

关键词: 极端环境, 表面与界面, 损伤与失效, 涂层, 智能化材料