Material forming, as a key metal processing technology, encompasses various forms such as casting, welding, forging, additive manufacturing, and powder metallurgy, and it is widely applied in important defence fields such as aerospace. Porosity, inclusions, and voids are the main internal defects, which seriously affect the performance and reliability of high-end equipment. In recent years, with the continuous development of software and hardware, defect detection technology has made significant progress. Based on a brief review of the current status of defect detection technology, this article analyzed the major technical breakthroughs and scientific advancements achieved by various detection methods such as radiography, ultrasound, and fluorescence, discussed the future development trends and research directions of intelligent detection for metal components, and provided policy recommendations from four dimensions: standard system construction, core technology breakthroughs, process flow reengineering, and system platform construction, with the aim of providing theoretical and technical support for high-reliability detection of metal components in high-end equipment.