前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2): 130-143.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.010

• 综述与述评 • 上一篇    下一篇

自行式模块运输车多车协同作业运输技术变革与发展

贺宜1(), 吴超仲1, 余荣杰2,3,(), 王力波4, 黄晋5, 孙晓强6   

  1. 1.武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心,武汉 430063
    2.国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部,北京 100085
    3.同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海 200092
    4.湖北三江航天万山特种车辆有限公司,武汉 430035
    5.清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京 100084
    6.江苏大学汽车工程研究院,镇江 212013
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-04-10 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者:
  • 作者简介:贺宜,研究员,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年科学基金获得者。主要从事重载车辆运行安全控制研究。电子信箱:heyi@whut.edu.cn
    余荣杰,同济大学交通学院教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事驾驶行为建模、道路交通安全风险预警与防控、自动驾驶汽车测评等研究。电子信箱:yurongjie@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52322217)

Transformation and Development of Multi-vehicle Cooperative Operation and Transportation Technology Using Self-propelled Modular Transporters

HE Yi1(), WU Chaozhong1, YU Rongjie2,3,(), WANG Libo4, HUANG Jin5, SUN Xiaoqiang6   

  1. 1. Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
    2. Department of Engineering and Materials Science, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
    3. School of Transportation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    4. Hubei Sanjiang Space Wanshan Special Vehicle Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430035, China
    5. School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    6. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-04-10 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-26
  • Contact:

摘要:

千吨/万吨级场地极限运输能力体现了国家的综合科技和国防实力。自行式模块运输车(Self-propelled Modular Transporter, SPMT)多车协同作业运输技术是完成重大工程极限运输任务的重要手段。当前SPMT面临依赖人工作业、控制精度低、协同效率差等技术瓶颈,阻碍了重大工程作业运输效率及精度。文章基于国内外SPMT多车协同作业运输技术的发展历程及特点,总结了其发展现状、现存问题和技术挑战,并提出如下发展建议:通过有组织科研范式,打造新一代万吨级极限运输大国重器;攻克分布式电驱动运载技术,推动SPMT向绿色化智能化转型;构建虚实融合测试体系,突破集群控制理论和核心技术验证;加强科技创新顶层设计,打造政产学研用深度融合创新生态。

关键词: 重载车辆, 重载/超大件运输, 多车系统, 协同控制, 政策建议

Abstract:

The extreme transportation capacity of thousand-ton or ten-thousand-ton-level sites reflects a country’s comprehensive scientific, technological, and national defense strength. The multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology of self-propelled modular transporters (SPMT) is a key tool for completing large-scale engineering extreme transportation tasks. Currently, SPMTs face technical bottlenecks such as reliance on manual operation, low control accuracy, and poor collaborative efficiency, which hinder the efficiency and precision of major engineering transportation projects. This paper summarizes the development history, characteristics, current status, existing problems, and technical challenges of multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology for SPMTs, based on both domestic and international progress. It proposes the following development suggestions: ① Develop a new generation of ten-thousand-ton-level extreme transportation capabilities through organized scientific research paradigms, positioning it as a national heavy-duty transportation tool. ② Overcome the challenges of distributed electric drive transportation technology and promote the green and intelligent transformation of SPMTs. ③ Build a virtual-real integrated testing system to break through the theoretical and core technological verification of swarm control. ④ Strengthen the top-level design of technological innovation to create a deep integration ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, and applications.

Key words: heavy-duty vehicles, heavy/oversized cargo transportation, multi-vehicle systems, collaborative control, policy recommendations