Marine devices serve as the backbone of marine science research, marine resource exploitation, and marine environmental safety. This paper briefly analyzes the opportunities and challenges encountered by China in the field of marine devices. In terms of ship technologies industry, devices for marine resource exploitation and deep-sea exploration, the paper summarizes the technological status both in China and other marine powers and sorts the advanced technologies that are the most noteworthy as well as key directions for future development.

There are abundant mineral resources beneath and on the seafloor. The rational development and utilization of deep-sea minerals is in line with the needs of economic development in China and is an important measure to ensure the security of China's strategic resources and the development of a high-quality marine economy. This paper reviews the progress of deep-sea mining technology at home and abroad and analyzes the key technical challenges and environmental challenges. It is suggested that the development of deep-sea mining should follow the principles of “green and environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, intelligent and efficient”. Efforts should be made to strengthen the top-level design of deep-sea mining systems, break through the bottlenecks in R&D of key technology and manufacturing of equipment, and improve the awareness for protection and the monitoring and repairing of deep-sea environment.Finally, this paper proposes to take advantage of China’s superior high-tech to strengthen independent innovation, create new opportunities for technology R&D and equipment manufacturing, and strengthen international cooperation to promote the sustainable use of deep-sea mineral resources, so as to cultivate the development of strategic new industries in deep-sea mining and build China into a strong maritime country.

Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) is the future of space transportation system, and a prerequisite for large-scale and low-cost access to space. This paper reviews the development history of RLVs for more than 60 years, especially the latest progress driven by commercial space transportation in the past decade. This paper also presents the development progress of China RLV technology, particularly the vertical take-off and vertical landing (VTVL) technology. Given that the reusable method of VTVL has been successfully verified, the key technologies are summarized and discussed from the aspects of engine throttling, multiple startup, powered landing guidance and control, high-precision navigation, and mechanism. Some suggestions for China RLV development are proposed, including taking economy as a design constraint throughout, establishing reusable design methods and criteria, breaking through barriers of high-precision environments prediction technology, developing reusable detection, maintenance and evaluation technologies, rationally selecting the type of propulsion system, realizing VTVL integration demonstration and verification as soon as possible, and developing horizontal take-off and landing technology, aiming at laying a solid foundation for large-scale and low-cost access to space in future.

By reviewing the development of satellite navigation systems in China and other countries, this paper discusses the technical characteristics and indexes of the systems. It focuses on spatial constellation, space-time datum, navigation signal, navigation augmentation, and multi-function integration from the perspectives of technical approach and system service. In addition to systemically introducing the present status of satellite navigation systems and their technical innovation during development, the paper also provides an outlook on their development trend and related key technologies. This review can support the construction of satellite navigation systems and positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) systems in China.