The operating speed of the high-speed maglev train is increased to 600 km/h, resulting in a significant increase in aerodynamic drag and lift forces. The aerodynamic lift force of each carriage varies greatly and changes drastically. In scenes with strong winds, two-train crossing, and entering or exiting tunnels, the overturning moment, yawing moment, and pitching moment of the train increase significantly, and even exhibit severe fluctuations, which not only seriously affects the running stability of the high-speed maglev train but also increases the difficulty of accurate control of the levitation guidance system. This paper discusses the current research status of aerodynamic design of high-speed maglev trains, analyzes the challenges faced in terms of basic theory, key technologies, and standard and evaluation system. The paper proposes research directions and countermeasures for aerodynamic design of high-speed maglev trains focusing on running stability. The research directions and countermeasures include the matching design of aerodynamic forces and electromagnetic forces, the construction of aerodynamic collaborative design and experimental verification technology system.