The development of next-generation weapons and equipment, including micro unmanned platforms, necessitates the advancement of ammunition systems that are miniaturized, intelligent, and highly integrated. As a result, micro-initiation systems have emerged. This paper delves into the composition and characteristics of the micro-initiation system. It also summarizes and evaluates relevant research progress both domestically and internationally, focusing on four key technologies: Micro-structure energy conversion components, micro-nano structured energetic materials, micro safety and arming devices, and explosive-propelled flyers, as well as the utilization of micro-initiation systems, considering the application requirements. Finally, after taking into account the challenges confronting the micro-initiation system in China, this study offers insights into potential future development strategies and recommendations.