As the cornerstone of the modern information society, integrated circuit (IC) has promoted the development of various industries and profoundly affected people’s living habits, work styles, and thinking patterns. So far, Moore’s law-oriented IC has been developed for over 60 years. As process nodes continuously evolve, manufacturing and design costs of IC rise significantly, and the yield and production efficiency of IC begin to decrease. In recent years, new processes, materials, and technologies have been introduced in the IC field, and novel application methods, application scenarios, and development paths have emerged, which boost the development of IC. IC has entered the post-Moore era quietly. Therefore, it is of great research significance and application value to sort out the main technological paths and characteristics of advanced IC in the post-Moore era. This paper firstly analyzes the technological challenges of Moore’s law-oriented IC during development as well as the basic characteristics of IC in the post-Moore era. Then, it reviews recent research progress and achievements of IC both in China and abroad, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of related technological paths in China, and puts forward strategies and measures for promoting the development of IC. Finally, the paper draws conclusions and predicts the future trend of advanced IC technologies in the post-Moore era.