Micro-nano robots are robots with characteristic dimensions and/or functional dimensions below the submillimeter scale, categorized into micro-nano manipulators and micro-nano swimmers. With over two decades of development in micro-nano robots, they have provided transformative research methods and implementation means for fields such as micro-nano manufacturing and biomedicine. Micro-nano robots have integrated “top-down” and “bottom-up” processing methods, representing the pinnacle in the directions of micro-nano manufacturing and in vivo detection and have become a fiercely competitive field in scientific research across various countries. They are also a cutting-edge technology regulated by the U.S. Export Control Reform Act. This article primarily summarizes the recent significant advancements in micro-nano robots, elaborates on the crucial role played by Chinese scholars, and predicts future development directions and large-scale applications.