This paper provided a concise overview of the potential biological roles of hydrogen (H₂) in the origin of life and introduced background knowledge on H₂ biogeochemical cycles and the historical development of hydrogen-based agriculture worldwide. The notable advancements achieved in hydrogen-based agriculture in China were addressed, including significant progress in pertinent scientific theories, practical implementations that demonstrate the prolongation of agricultural products’ shelf life from pre-harvest to post-harvest phases, and large-scale field trials conducted over years in multiple locations to positively improve crop yields and enhance overall product quality. By considering the ongoing efforts to minimize chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage, the rural revitalization plan, and demands for building a healthy China, this paper further outlined developmental strategies of hydrogen-based agriculture in China. These encompassed three key aspects: Suitable methods for large-scale hydrogen supply in the field, the establishment of hydrogen-based agriculture standards for matching the special animal breeding industry with the planting industry featuring crops and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and strategies to secure a leading position in both the theory and practice of hydrogen-based agriculture.