In the context of China’s ‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’ strategy, cold energy, as a new type of green energy, has received widespread attention and emphasis. A series of innovative cold energy utilization technologies have emerged in response. However, the cold energy industry currently faces challenges such as low utilization rates, lack of top-level planning, insufficient innovation in key technologies, and limitations on large-scale applications. This article summarizes and forecasts the key technologies related to the comprehensive and efficient use of cold energy, cryogenic materials, and pipeline equipment. As an essential infrastructure of the cold energy industry, the pipeline system is analyzed in terms of its operating conditions, potential risks and failure modes, and key technologies. The article identifies the challenges faced by cold energy industry pipeline technologies and the development trends of cold energy utilization pipeline technology. It proposes recommendations for the efficient use of cold energy and the development of its pipeline systems, aiming to provide robust support for the high-quality development, efficient and stable operation, safety assurance, and energy conservation and emission reduction of the cold energy industry.