Green hydrogen has become an important technological option for building a diversified green energy structure and plays a key role in achieving carbon neutrality goals. This article aims to review the research and development progress of green hydrogen production technology. Based on the current development status and policy background of China’s hydrogen energy industry, this article defined green hydrogen according to the Chinese and international research and development status and focused on hydrogen production from renewable energy water splitting and biomass. The technical characteristics, advantages, and challenges of these technologies were analyzed. Additionally, technologies such as hydrogen production by nuclear energy, methane pyrolysis, green ammonia, and aqua hydrogen, which do not belong to traditional green hydrogen but may play an important role in carbon emission reduction, were explored. Finally, the article summarized the issues existing in green hydrogen production and provided suggestions for the development of green hydrogen in China from aspects such as policy incentives, technological innovation, and market application.