The extreme transportation capacity of thousand-ton or ten-thousand-ton-level sites reflects a country’s comprehensive scientific, technological, and national defense strength. The multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology of self-propelled modular transporters (SPMT) is a key tool for completing large-scale engineering extreme transportation tasks. Currently, SPMTs face technical bottlenecks such as reliance on manual operation, low control accuracy, and poor collaborative efficiency, which hinder the efficiency and precision of major engineering transportation projects. This paper summarizes the development history, characteristics, current status, existing problems, and technical challenges of multi-vehicle collaborative transportation technology for SPMTs, based on both domestic and international progress. It proposes the following development suggestions: ① Develop a new generation of ten-thousand-ton-level extreme transportation capabilities through organized scientific research paradigms, positioning it as a national heavy-duty transportation tool. ② Overcome the challenges of distributed electric drive transportation technology and promote the green and intelligent transformation of SPMTs. ③ Build a virtual-real integrated testing system to break through the theoretical and core technological verification of swarm control. ④ Strengthen the top-level design of technological innovation to create a deep integration ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, and applications.

Electric driving has become the main direction for the upgrading and green development of the global automotive industry. After more than 20 years of arduous cultivation, China’s automotive industry has achieved a certain first-mover advantage in the transformation toward electrification, and the scale of the new energy vehicle industry is leading globally. At the same time, different types of automotive energy supply methods such as hybrid power, pure electrification, and hydrogen fuel cells continue to emerge and develop. Therefore, accelerating the clarification of the supply mode of automotive energy in China under the background of electrification has important guiding significance for industrial development. This article starts with the positive significance of the electrification transformation in the automotive industry, summarizes the current development status and challenges of China’s automotive industry under the background of electrification, and deeply analyzes the technical characteristics of different types of automotive energy supply methods. Finally, after analyzing the development path of automotive energy supply, it proposes development suggestions for automotive energy sources under the background of electrification.