Oil and gas transportation system is a transportation network system mainly composed of oil and gas pipeline networks, roads, railways, waterways, and other modes of transportation that are mutually independent and interrelated. However, China’s oil and gas transportation is still dominated by pipeline, road, railway, or waterway transportation modes. To meet the major demand for ensuring energy supply security, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the law of various oil and gas transportation modes, as well as the matching and connection relationship between different oil and gas transportation modes, so as to optimize the combination of multiple oil and gas transportation modes and delivery vehicles, transportation paths, and equipment and facilities. This paper summarized the transportation modes of natural gas, refined oil products, and crude oil, as well as the current situation of key technologies for pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation. It pointed out the development trend of integrating pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation modes, establishing an integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, and improving the economy, safety, timeliness, flexibility, and resilience of oil and gas transportation. The paper also presented challenges in five directions including a big data technology for oil and gas transportation, coupled mechanism of the transportation network, integrated and large-scale model simulation of the transportation system, optimization decision of transportation, and simulation and optimization platform research on integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation. Finally, the paper proposed theoretical and technical research and policy recommendations in terms of four aspects.
