Against the backdrop of energy structure transformation and the revolution in new energy sources, hydrogen energy has gained widespread attention and development due to its advantages of cleanliness, efficiency, abundant sources, and wide range of applications. As the crucial link between the supply and demand sides of hydrogen energy, transportation is a key component in the scaling and commercialization of hydrogen applications. Establishing a mature hydrogen energy transportation technology system and improving the related infrastructure construction are critical core issues that need to be addressed for the development of the hydrogen energy industry. On this basis, this paper provided an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy transportation. It emphasized the prominent role of pipeline transportation in hydrogen energy transportation technology. Accordingly, the paper summarized and extracted the key scientific and technological issues faced by the development of hydrogen energy transportation. Furthermore, it presented relevant suggestions for the future development of hydrogen energy transportation from aspects such as materials, processes, equipment, risk assessment, standard and specification formulation, and strategic development planning.