The train control system is the core for safe and efficient train operation. China’s current train control technology as a whole has reached the world’s advanced level and is developing toward intelligent and smart technologies. There is an urgent need for forward research and development and design methods supported by independent tool platforms. The formal method is the key to ensuring the correct implementation of the train control system’s functions. This paper first reviews the development process of the train control system and analyzes its characteristics in the computer era. Then, this paper summarizes the application research, progress, and trend of formal methods in train control both in and outside China and compares the differences in research on formal methods for train control. Finally, the development direction of the forward design of the train control system using model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is proposed, and development suggestions are given from the aspects of the system’s forward top-level design, formal technology independence, and talent team training. The efforts are dedicated to obtaining a train control system with powerful functions, comprehensive coverage, and advanced performance.