The levitation and guidance control system of the EMS high-speed maglev train realizes the contactless operation between the vehicle and the track by actively adjusting the electromagnetic force, which is the core system to guarantee the high-speed and smooth operation of the train. This article introduces the key technology and development status of levitation and guidance control from four aspects, including levitation and guidance system nonlinear stability control, coupled vibration suppression, disturbance attenuation, fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. And it summarizes the technical challenges and future prospects of the engineering application of high-speed maglev trains, including the mechanism of levitation and guidance instability, the matching of key parameters of the levitation and guidance system with the train and the track, the intelligent recovery control of levitation and guidance performance, and the intelligent assessment of the state of the levitation and guidance system. Finally, it proposes development suggestions on how to improve the stability, smoothness and reliability of high-speed maglev train operation.