Based on the review of the transformation and development of public transit systems, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by public transit system development in China within the context of high-quality socio-economic transformation and technological change. In view of the goals of public transit system development, system architecture, operational management models, and supply structures, the paper presents development concepts and transformation insights. Furthermore, it conducts an in-depth analysis and outlook on the trends and key technological directions of the public transit system in the new era. The paper aims to promote the deep integration and application of new information technologies such as big data and cloud computing in the operation, service, and management of the public transit system and provide a reference for the construction and development of a multimodal and collaborative public transit system.

Tight oil and gas reservoirs in China are highly heterogeneous, with thin and scattered sand bodies, which cannot be efficiently developed by conventional hydraulic fracturing technology. In this paper, current reservoir simulation technologies were reviewed. In addition, in order to solve challenges in developing tight oil and gas reservoirs in China, this paper summarized several key technologies suitable for efficiently developing continental shale oil and gas in China, including synchronous stimulation technology of scattered sand bodies based on the hydraulic jet and radial horizontal wells, precise fracturing technology based on extreme limited-entry design and temporary plugging and diversion, sand reinforcement technology of complex fracture network based on micro-proppants and variable viscous slickwater, and deep matrix modification technology based on CO₂ pre-fracturing and nano-emulsions. Finally, an integrated technology of precise fracturing with enhanced oil recovery is proposed, and it is suitable for heterogeneous and scattered sand bodies and mixed wet and tight oil and gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the technology points out the direction for the economic and efficient development of tight oil and gas reservoirs in China.