Intelligent driving technology has the potential to enhance the safety and efficiency of road transportation systems, drive innovation and technological breakthroughs within the automotive industry and its upstream and downstream supply chain ecosystems, and serve as a critical area of competition among leading industrial nations. After decades of development and with continuous advancements driven by the Internet and artificial intelligence technologies, intelligent driving technology is approaching the threshold of large-scale commercial application. This paper provides a systematic review of the development trajectory of intelligent driving technology, summarizes the current state of technological progress in hardware support systems, software functionality systems, and “end-to-end” autonomous driving systems, analyzes key technical issues and challenges faced by various functional modules, and offers insights into future development trends. The findings aim to provide scientific guidance and strategic recommendations for the further development and application of advanced autonomous driving technologies in China.