The North and South Poles are the cold sources of the earth system, which can regulate the global energy balance and have rich energy and resources. They are vital to the national security and sustainable development of China. Remote sensing is an important technology to observe the polar regions due to the vast area and extremely harsh environment. This paper summarizes the situation and trends in international polar remote sensing technologies as well as the status quo of China’s polar satellites and airborne remote sensing technologies. On this basis, it puts forward proposals for the construction and development of China’s airborne and space-based remote sensing systems for the tridimensional monitoring and measurement of polar regions. The further considerations include high elliptical orbit satellites, integrated communications and navigation applications satellite and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles. The construction of platforms for all-time polar monitoring. They will provide important technical support for the development of Arctic shipping routes and research on polar climate change.