The stability of modern canal slopes is a crucial foundation for ensuring the smooth operation of waterways and supporting regional coordinated development. Focusing on the long-term stability and safety assurance of modern canal slopes, this paper systematically reviews related research achievements both domestically and internationally. It summarizes the current state of research, technological development trends, and major challenges in the field of canal slope stability. Additionally, it analyzes the combined effects of geotechnical properties, natural factors, and human activities on slope stability. The paper explores new technologies and intelligent management strategies for ensuring slope safety in complex environments and high-risk segments. Finally, it provides comprehensive recommendations for the development of key slope protection technologies in modern canal systems, with the aim of offering theoretical support and technical guidance for the construction of modern canal networks.