Hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are key components in the hydrogen energy industry chain and have the potential to become an industry with benefits of more than ten billion in the future. Currently, mainstream technologies include high-pressure gas hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, and low-pressure solid hydrogen storage, while organic liquid hydrogen storage is still in the application demonstration phase. This paper reviewed recent research, development, and application advancements in these hydrogen storage and transportation technologies, analyzed the associated challenges, and predicted future research and development directions. Overall, hydrogen storage and transportation technologies show substantial development potential, but continued breakthroughs in cost reduction, efficiency enhancement, safety assurance, and localization improvements are necessary to drive the rapid growth of the hydrogen energy industry.