The Moon is the outpost of human exploration into deep space and outer space. The establishment of lunar forward bases with life support can provide food for human beings settling on the Moon. This paper introduces the main lunar exploration projects in China and abroad in recent years and systematically reviews the development of space agriculture in the space station, Moon, life support system, etc. Considering the challenges of lunar forward bases with life support, it puts forward some suggestions, namely, exploring and utilizing resources at the south pole of the Moon, creating functional plant varieties adapting to the Moon environment, and establishing lunar forward bases with life support based on lunar lava caves. These suggestions provide a reference for China’s space agriculture development in the future.