Biomedical micro-electro-mechanical system (BioMEMS) is a cutting-edge technology that integrates multiple disciplines such as biology, mechanics, electronics, physics, chemistry, and information science, and its research and application have greatly promoted the progress of biomedical technology. BioMEMS has the potential for achieving low-cost industrialization, and it has become a field attracting major technological powers around the world for their further development. This paper systematically summarized the cutting-edge progress and current development status of BioMEMS in China and abroad in fields in terms of biological detection, medical treatment, and micro-nano manipulation. In general, China takes the lead in this field, achieving remarkable accomplishments in material development and technology application. However, there are also some development problems and bottlenecks. For example, the current scientific research funding and student training system needs to be optimized to cater to the interdisciplinary nature of BioMEMS technology. This paper specifically outlines the future development trends and policy recommendations in this field, aiming to provide a reference for the subsequent development of BioMEMS technology in China.