Bio-based polyester materials, which are renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible, meet the environmental protection concept of green and low-carbon development, and they have received more attention and made significant progress in the field of fundamental research and industrialization. This review analyzed the advantages of bio-based polyester materials, the development status of the bio-based polyester industry in China and abroad, the future trend of the bio-based polyester industry, and policy suggestions for the development of the bio-based polyester industry. It was intended to provide a reference for researchers and insiders engaged in the bio-based polyester industry and promote the further development and promotion of bio-based polyester materials.