Research Progress and Development Recommendations on Large-scale Water-saving Ship Lock Gate and Valve in Modern Canals

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The gate and valve serve as the core operational components of water-saving locks, enduring complex hydrodynamic loads. Their safety and reliability directly impact the safety and efficiency of navigation. With the development of locks towards larger scales and higher water heads, the gate and valve technology has become a critical challenge and decisive factor in constructing large-scale, high-head locks. The article summarizes and analyzes the urgent technical demands posed by the construction of large-scale water-saving ship locks on gates and valves, particularly in terms of high head and large-scale development. It also highlights key challenges related to structural safety, stability, and durability, as well as intelligent and digital monitoring. It proposes future development directions in several key areas, including gate and valve types suitable for ultra-high-head water-saving locks, the integrated “gate-mechanical-electrical-hydraulic” coupling system for large-scale gates and valves, hydraulic safety assurance and resilience enhancement of valves, and field monitoring and intelligent operation and maintenance of gates and valves in water-saving ship locks.

Key words: modern canals, water-saving ship lock, gate and valve, structure type, degradation mechanism, toughness improvement

摘要：

闸阀门是省水船闸的核心运转部件，承受复杂水动力荷载，其安全可靠性直接影响通航安全与效率。随着船闸向大尺度、高水头发展，闸阀门技术已成为高水头大型船闸建设的关键挑战与决定性因素。文章总结分析大型省水船闸建设对闸阀门高水头、大型化发展的迫切技术需求，以及存在的结构安全、稳定耐久、数智监管等关键难题，提出发展适应超高水头大型省水船闸的闸阀门形式、探索大型闸阀门“门-机-电-水”耦合系统、研发输水阀门水动力安全保障与韧性提升技术、建立省水船闸闸阀门野外观测与智慧运维等建议。

关键词: 现代运河, 省水船闸, 闸阀门, 结构形式, 劣化机制, 韧性提升

WANG Xin, XUE Shu, HE Junhui, ZHONG Linbin, CHEN Zhihong, YAN Xiujun. Research Progress and Development Recommendations on Large-scale Water-saving Ship Lock Gate and Valve in Modern Canals[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(3): 108-117.

王新, 薛淑, 何俊辉, 钟林斌, 陈志宏, 严秀俊. 现代运河省水船闸大型闸阀门研究进展及发展建议[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(3): 108-117.

Figures/Tables 2

References 43

[1]	刘宁. 平陆运河工程建设关键问题研究与思考[J]. 水运工程, 2024(6): 1-11.
	Liu N. Research and contemplation on key issues in construction of Pinglu Canal Project[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2024(6): 1-11. (in Chinese)
[2]	吴澎, 宣国祥. 船闸设计的新进展[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2009(4): 122-127.
	Wu P, Xuan G X. New advances in navigation lock design[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2009(4): 122-127. (in Chinese)
[3]	胡亚安, 严秀俊, 薛淑. 三峡船闸紧急关阀工况输水阀门工作条件原型观测[J]. 水运工程, 2021(1): 1-5.
	Hu Y A, Yan X J, Xue S. Field-observation on filling and emptying valve of the Three Gorges ship lock in emergency case of closing valve under hydrodynamic load[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2021(1): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[4]	胡亚安, 潘明鸿, 王常义, 等. 大藤峡水利枢纽船闸水力学关键技术研究与实践[J]. 中国水利, 2023(21): 11-17, 24.
	Hu Y A, Pan M H, Wang C Y, et al. Research and practice of key hydraulics technologies for shiplock of the Datengxia Water Conservancy Hydropower Project[J]. China Water Resources, 2023(21): 11-17, 24. (in Chinese)
[5]	陈莹颖, 李中华, 许铎. 小清河水牛韩省水船闸输水系统布置及水力计算[J]. 水运工程, 2020(1): 63-69, 102.
	Chen Y Y, Li Z H, Xu D. Layout and hydraulic calculation of filling and emptying system for Shuiniuhan water-saving ship lock of Xiaoqing River[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2020(1): 63-69, 102. (in Chinese)
[6]	Gobbetti L E C. Design of the filling and emptying system of the new Panama Canal locks[J]. Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2013, 1(1): 28-38.
[7]	李中华, 许铎, 安建峰. 单级省水船闸水级计算和影响因素探讨[J]. 水运工程, 2020(11): 7-11, 33.
	Li Z H, Xu D, An J F. Water level calculation and influencing factors of single-step lock with water saving basins[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2020(11): 7-11, 33. (in Chinese)
[8]	薛淑, 严秀俊, 向茂铭. 60米级省水船闸输水阀门段空化特性及防空化措施[J]. 水运工程, 2021(2): 12-16, 43.
	Xue S, Yan X J, Xiang M M. Cavitation characteristics and resistance measures of filling and emptying valve of 60 m-class water-saving ship lock[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2021(2): 12-16, 43. (in Chinese)
[9]	Delefortrie G, Willems M, Vantorre M, et al. Behavior of post panamax vessels in the Third Set of Panama locks[C]// Proceedings of the International Conference on Marine Simulation and Ship Maneuverability (MARSIM'09). Panama City: Panama Canal Authoritiy, International Marine Simulator Forum, 2009: 1060705.
[10]	Zhang S Y, Wang X, Ma H T. Operating force characteristics of sector gates based on prototype testing[J]. Water, 2024, 16(5), doi: 10.3390/w16050762.
[11]	邓勋发, 邓森, 黄天宝, 等. 大藤峡水利枢纽工程关键技术创新及应用[J]. 中国水利, 2023(21): 60-63.
	Deng X F, Deng S, Huang T B, et al. Key technical innovation and application of Datengxia water control project[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2023(21): 60-63. (in Chinese)
[12]	Li R, Zhang J, Xiao J B. Operation state evaluation of miter gate based on on-line monitoring and finite element analysis[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(1), doi: 10.3390/app13010381.
[13]	张明松, 陈梓奇, 王恩恒. 人字闸门支枕垫块接触应力分布与磨损分析[J]. 水运工程, 2023(11): 143-147, 230.
	Zhang M S, Chen Z Q, Wang E H. Contact stress distribution and abrasion of pillow block for miter gate[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2023(11):143-147, 230. (in Chinese)
[14]	张晓辉, 蔡建国, 戴振华, 等. 裕溪船闸闸门底枢蘑菇头和轴的激光熔覆试验研究[J]. 水运工程, 2021(3): 17-23.
	Zhang X H, Cai J G, Dai Z H, et al. Experimental research on mushroom head and shaft of Yuxi lock gate’s bottom pivot by laser cladding[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2021(3): 17-23. (in Chinese)
[15]	Mahmoud H, Chulahwat A, Riveros G. Fatigue and fracture life-cycle cost assessment of a Miter gate with multiple cracks[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2018, 83: 57-74.
[16]	Riveros G A, Acosta F J, Lozano C M, et al. The effects of deteriorated boundary conditions on horizontally framed miter gates[J]. Metals, 2022, 12(1), doi: 10.3390/met12010037.
[17]	Riveros G A, Ayala-Burgos J L, Dixon D. Numerical investigation of diagonals in miter gates: Looking for the optimum prestressing[J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 2017, 31(1), doi: 10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000896.
[18]	Li J M, Hu Y A, Wang X, et al. Operation safety evaluation system of ship lock based on extension evaluation and combination weighting method[J]. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 2023, 25(3): 755-781.
[19]	Riveros G A, Mahmoud H, Lozano C M. Fatigue repair of underwater navigation steel structures using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)[J]. Engineering Structures, 2018, 173: 718-728.
[20]	Lozano C M, Riveros G A. Effects of adhesive bond-slip behavior on the capacity of innovative FRP retrofits for fatigue and fracture repair of hydraulic steel structures[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(9), doi: 10.3390/ma12091495.
[21]	Ehlers S, Le Sourne H, Buldgen L, et al. A review of technical solutions and simulation approaches for ship collisions with lock gates[J]. Ship Technology Research, 2015, 62(1): 14-25.
[22]	Buldgen L, Le Sourne H, Rigo P. Fast strength assessment of mitre gates to ship impact[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2013, 18(5): 423-443.
[23]	李姣, 张洁, 骆真波, 等. 船舶撞击作用下人字闸门损伤特征及影响因素分析[J]. 水运工程, 2024(11): 100-107.
	Li J, Zhang J, Luo Z B, et al. Analysis on damage characteristics and influencing factors of miter gates under ship impact[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2024(11): 100-107. (in Chinese)
[24]	An Y H, Gu R, Cui R T, et al. Nonlinear dynamic response analysis and assessment for miter gate subjected to ship impact[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 310, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118799.
[25]	林宁, 冀温源, 覃仕华, 等. 新型船闸闸门重力消能式防撞装置试验研究[J]. 水运工程, 2024(11): 139-145.
	Lin N, Ji W Y, Qin S H, et al. Test study on new type of gravity energy dissipation collision prevention device for ship lock gate[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2024(11): 139-145. (in Chinese)
[26]	Li J M, Wang X, Hu Y A, et al. Performance of the Xiangjiaba ship lift chamber anti-collision device under impact by a design ship[J]. Ships and Offshore Structures, 2025, doi: 10.1080/17445302.2025.2463125.
[27]	中华人民共和国交通部. 船闸启闭机设计规范: JTJ 309—2005[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2006.
	Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. Code for design of headstock gears of shiplocks: JTJ 309—2005[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2006.
[28]	王新, 严秀俊. 船闸平板输水阀门动力优化及流激振动特性分析[J]. 水运工程, 2013(12): 151-154.
	Wang X, Yan X J. Dynamic optimization and flow-induced vibration study on plate valve of ship lock[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2013(12): 151-154. (in Chinese)
[29]	王新, 严秀俊, 李媛. 中高水头船闸平面阀门设计与工程实践[J]. 水运工程, 2019(10): 73-79.
	Wang X, Yan X J, Li Y. Design and project application of plate valve in medium high-head ship lock[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2019(10): 73-79. (in Chinese)
[30]	Wang X, Hu Y A, Zhang J M. Experimental study of anti-cavitation mechanism of valve lintel natural aeration of high head lock[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2020, 32(2): 337-344. DOI
[31]	邢述炳, 王进, 顾海瑞. 船闸平面阀门主轨道技术进展[J]. 水运工程, 2017(12): 140-144.
	Xing S B, Wang J, Gu H R. Technology development of main track of plane valve in ship lock[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2017(12): 140-144. (in Chinese)
[32]	Wei Z Y, Mei D C, Wei Z, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the (Al_1/6Cr_1/6Nb_1/6Ta_1/6Ti_1/3)O₂ high-entropy ceramic coating prepared by laser cladding[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 995, doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174850.
[33]	陈琼, 李云, 刘本芹, 等. 船闸人字闸门水动力特性研究进展[J]. 水运工程, 2015(10): 118-124.
	Chen Q, Li Y, Liu B Q, et al. Research progress in hydrodynamic characteristics of miter gate[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2015(10): 118-124. (in Chinese)
[34]	赵新泽, 王兴华, 徐翔, 等. 石墨润滑下人字闸门底枢摩擦副摩擦学性能[J]. 润滑与密封, 2022, 47(8): 107-113. DOI
	Zhao X Z, Wang X H, Xu X, et al. Tribological properties of friction pair of bottom pivot of miter gate under graphite lubrication[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2022, 47(8): 107-113. (in Chinese)
[35]	朱国纲, 卞兆盛. 提高人字闸门焊接接头疲劳强度的探讨[J]. 水运工程, 2000(9): 40-42.
	Zhu G G, Bian Z S. Investigation and discussion on improving fatigue strength of welded joint of miter gate[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2000(9): 40-42. (in Chinese)
[36]	王政平, 李晓旭. 大藤峡水利枢纽人字闸门背拉杆预应力优化分析[J]. 人民长江, 2020, 51(4): 164-167.
	Wang Z P, Li X X. Optimization analysis on back-tie rods prestress of super-large miter gate[J]. Yangtze River, 2020, 51(4): 164-167. (in Chinese)
[37]	陶书东, 李树海, 刘成鑫, 等. 大型船闸金属结构BIM技术的应用[J]. 水运工程, 2018(1): 123-128.
	Tao S D, Li S H, Liu C X, et al. Metal structure of ship lock used by building information modeling[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2018(1): 123-128. (in Chinese)
[38]	Xu J C, Chen Q, Li Y, et al. Study on the hydrodynamic resistance moment of horizontally-framed miter gates[J]. Water, 2018, 10(10), doi: 10.3390/w10101345.
[39]	Wang X, Zhang L Z, Wei Z Y, et al. Enhanced ultrasonic cavitation erosion and corrosion resistances of carbide-based composite coatings by graphene[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2025, 120, doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107425.
[40]	谢子仪, 段力, 翁昊天. 大藤峡人字闸门智能监控微机电系统传感器[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(11): 1401-1407. DOI
	Xie Z Y, Duan L, Weng H T. Intelligent monitoring micro-electro-mechanical-system sensor of herringbone gate of dateng gorge[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2021, 55(11): 1401-1407. (in Chinese)
[41]	Binczyk M, Kalitowski P, Szulwic J, et al. Nondestructive testing of the miter gates using various measurement methods[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(6), doi: 10.3390/s20061749.
[42]	Doeksen J. Gate design for large, high head locks: The development of an innovative lock gate[D]. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2012.
[43]	王新, 胡亚安, 陆阳, 等. 考虑门杆耦合效应的反弧门自振特性分析[J]. 水运工程, 2016(12): 26-30.
	Wang X, Hu Y A, Lu Y, et al. Self-vibration characteristics analysis of reversed tainter valve considering coupling effect of valve and boom[J]. Port Waterway Engineering, 2016(12): 26-30. (in Chinese)