Development and Suggestions on Key Biotechnology of Extraterrestrial Recyclable Life Support Systems

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Building extraterrestrial scientific research bases on the Moon/Mars based on green and recyclable life support systems is an important foundation and prerequisite for deep space exploration. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the aerospace life support system, the key biotechnology that affects the recyclability of the life support system has been systematically sorted out, and the research status and problems and challenges of material flow control, plant cultivation, biological processing, environmental monitoring and control are summarised, and the development trends are also reviewed. The development of aerospace biocrossover technology driven by metaomics and synthetic biology is proposed, thus providing a reference for the construction of the new generation of life support systems and subsequent extraterrestrial scientific research bases.

Key words: recyclable life support system, advanced biotechnology, synthetic biology, extraterrestrial planet scientific research bases, deep space exploration

摘要：

构建以绿色、可循环生命保障系统（简称生保系统）为支撑的月球/火星等地外科考基地，是开展深空探测的重要基础和前提。文章在对航天生保系统进行深入分析的基础上，系统梳理了影响生保系统可循环性能的关键生物技术，总结了物质流调控、植物栽培、生物加工、环境监测与控制技术的研究现状及面临的问题与挑战，并展望了发展趋势。最后提出发展宏基因组学、合成生物学驱动的空天生物交叉技术等对策建议，以期为新一代生保系统与未来地外科考基地建设提供参考。

关键词: 可循环生命保障系统, 先进生物技术, 合成生物学, 地外行星科考基地, 深空探测

YAN Qiong, ZHANG Jinlei, FENG Ke, LI Huanyu, LI Yue, CHENG Xiyu. Development and Suggestions on Key Biotechnology of Extraterrestrial Recyclable Life Support Systems[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(1): 126-136.

晏琼, 张金磊, 冯可, 李环宇, 李玥, 成喜雨. 地外可循环生命保障系统关键生物技术发展与建议[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(1): 126-136.

Figures/Tables 4

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系统	再生保障技术	评价
不可再生生保系统	固废处理：返回后丢弃；废液处理：返回后丢弃；气体再生：随飞船携带不可再生	水、气、食物均不可再生。废物不能再利用，只适合短期近地空间探索
物理化学再生生保系统	固废处理：返回后丢弃；废液处理：过滤、吸附等物化法净化；气体再生：电解法再生氧气	水、气能够部分再生，但水资源会被逐渐消耗。食物完全不可再生，能满足长时间近地空间活动需要
生物再生生保系统	固废处理：堆肥或焚烧矿化；废液处理：植物、微生物净化废水；气体再生：植物、微生物再生净化气体	水、气体、食物能够再生，系统内所有元素都会参与到内部的物质循环，来满足人类长期太空生存需要

系统	再生保障技术	评价
不可再生生保系统	固废处理：返回后丢弃；废液处理：返回后丢弃；气体再生：随飞船携带不可再生	水、气、食物均不可再生。废物不能再利用，只适合短期近地空间探索
物理化学再生生保系统	固废处理：返回后丢弃；废液处理：过滤、吸附等物化法净化；气体再生：电解法再生氧气	水、气能够部分再生，但水资源会被逐渐消耗。食物完全不可再生，能满足长时间近地空间活动需要
生物再生生保系统	固废处理：堆肥或焚烧矿化；废液处理：植物、微生物净化废水；气体再生：植物、微生物再生净化气体	水、气体、食物能够再生，系统内所有元素都会参与到内部的物质循环，来满足人类长期太空生存需要