汽车整车正向设计技术发展与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.004

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2): 46-57.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.004

汽车整车正向设计技术发展与展望

朱学斌¹^,^†(), 张军伟¹, 孙博华², 白影春³, 王洪亮⁴, 吴建洋¹, 朱炳辉¹, 陈肇群¹

1.北京航天发射技术研究所，北京 100076
2.吉林大学汽车工程学院，长春 130012
3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
4.南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京 210094

收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-02-23 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: †
作者简介:朱学斌，研究员，北京航天发射技术研究所科技委主任。主要从事航天发射技术和特种车辆研究工作。主持多个国家重点型号特种车辆的研制任务，承担多项装备预先研究课题、国家自然科学基金重大项目子课题、地方政府军民融合重大专项。获国防科学技术进步奖一等奖1项、三等奖1项。电子信箱：zhxb@vip.sina.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52394265)

Development and Prospect of Forward Design Technology for Automotive Vehicles

ZHU Xuebin¹^,^†(), ZHANG Junwei¹, SUN Bohua², BAI Yingchun³, WANG Hongliang⁴, WU Jianyang¹, ZHU Binghui¹, CHEN Zhaoqun¹

1. Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
2. College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China

Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-02-23 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-26
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着汽车行业加速向智能化、电动化、共享化与网联化转型，传统逆向开发模式难以适应复杂功能集成与新型构型需求，整车正向设计成为推动技术革新的核心路径。文章系统梳理了汽车设计方法的演进脉络、技术突破及关键挑战，指出了传统V型开发流程在性能平衡与造型设计上具备优势，但智能汽车通过基于模型的系统工程方法实现跨学科深度集成，结合数字孪生技术优化虚实协同设计，显著提升开发效率。软件定义汽车、模块化柔性化设计及分布式电驱动技术推动了底盘构型革新，一体化设计在结构、安全与舱驾融合领域成效显著，但技术整合复杂度、动力学理论滞后与国产工具软件生态薄弱成为主要瓶颈，建议构建以基于模型的系统工程方法为核心的整车正向设计创新体系，强化模块化可重构车辆的统一动力学建模与多目标协同控制理论，并通过政产学研协同突破工业软件核心技术，完善国产计算辅助设计工具链生态。

关键词: 整车正向设计, 底盘新构型, 模块化分布式电驱动, 汽车安全新体系, 国产工具软件

Abstract:

As the automotive industry accelerates its transformation towards intelligence, electrification, sharing, and connectivity, traditional reverse engineering development models have proven inadequate for addressing the demands of complex functional integration and new vehicle configurations. Forward vehicle design has consequently emerged as a critical pathway for driving technological innovation. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of automotive design methodologies, technological breakthroughs, and key challenges. It highlights the advantages of the traditional V-model development process in performance balancing and styling design. However, intelligent vehicle design employs model-based systems engineering methods to achieve deep interdisciplinary integration and optimizes virtual-physical collaborative design through digital twin technology, thereby significantly improving development efficiency. The paper identifies that software-defined vehicles, modular flexible design, and distributed electric drive technologies have driven innovation in chassis configurations. Notably, integrated design has demonstrated significant results in the fusion of structure, safety, and cabin driving. Nevertheless, key bottlenecks remain, including the complexity of technological integration, the lag in dynamic modeling theory, and the underdeveloped domestic industrial software ecosystem. To address these challenges, the paper proposes the establishment of an innovative system for vehicle forward design centered on model-based systems engineering. It further advocates for strengthening unified dynamic modeling and multi-objective collaborative control theories for modular re-configurable vehicles. Additionally, the paper calls for greater collaboration among government, industry, academia, and research institutions to break through core industrial software technologies, thus enhancing the domestic computer-aided design tool chain ecosystem and advancing technological innovation within the automotive sector.

Key words: vehicle forward design, new chassis configuration, modular distributed electric drive, new automotive safety system, domestic tool software

朱学斌, 张军伟, 孙博华, 白影春, 王洪亮, 吴建洋, 朱炳辉, 陈肇群. 汽车整车正向设计技术发展与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(2): 46-57.

ZHU Xuebin, ZHANG Junwei, SUN Bohua, BAI Yingchun, WANG Hongliang, WU Jianyang, ZHU Binghui, CHEN Zhaoqun. Development and Prospect of Forward Design Technology for Automotive Vehicles[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(2): 46-57.

图/表 5

图1 基于MBSE的底盘多学科一体化总体设计架构

Fig. 1 Multi-disciplinary integrated overall design architecture for chassis based on MBSE

图2 滑板底盘发展路线

Fig. 2 Development path of skateboard chassis

图3 新能源汽车车身一体化压铸大型结构件

Fig. 3 New energy vehicle body integrated die-casting large structural components

图4 汽车底盘构型变革

Fig. 4 Transformation of vehicle chassis configuration

图5 车轮-车身-整车层级式多变重构车辆动力学建模方法 Bf、Bm、Br为重构后前、中、后轴轮距；ΔBf、ΔBm、ΔBr为前、中、后轴轮距变化量；Bf0、Bm0、Br0为重构前前、中、后轴轮距初始量；lf、lm、lr为重构后前、中、后轴轴距；lf0、lr0为重构前前、后轴轴距；Δl为轴距变化量；mw为重构单元的质量；M为重构后车辆总质量。

Fig. 5 Wheel-body-vehicle hierarchical variable reconfiguration vehicle dynamics modeling method

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汽车整车正向设计技术发展与展望

Development and Prospect of Forward Design Technology for Automotive Vehicles

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