卫星导航系统发展现状与未来趋势

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过回顾总结国内外卫星导航系统的发展过程,分析提出卫星导航系统的技术特征与指标。从技术途径、系统服务的角度聚焦于空间星座、时空基准、导航信号、导航增强、多功能融合方面,系统梳理卫星导航系统的现状和建设发展过程中的技术创新,展望其发展趋势和相关关键技术方向,以期为中国卫星导航系统建设及定位导航授时体系构建提供支持。

关键词: 卫星导航系统, 技术特征, 发展现状, 未来趋势

Abstract:

By reviewing the development of satellite navigation systems in China and other countries, this paper discusses the technical characteristics and indexes of the systems. It focuses on spatial constellation, space-time datum, navigation signal, navigation augmentation, and multi-function integration from the perspectives of technical approach and system service. In addition to systemically introducing the present status of satellite navigation systems and their technical innovation during development, the paper also provides an outlook on their development trend and related key technologies. This review can support the construction of satellite navigation systems and positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) systems in China.

Key words: satellite navigation system, technical characteristic, development status, future trend

谢军, 郑晋军, 张弓, 马福建, 赵兴隆. 卫星导航系统发展现状与未来趋势[J]. 前瞻科技, 2022, 1(1): 94-111.

XIE Jun, ZHENG Jinjun, ZHANG Gong, MA Fujian, ZHAO Xinglong. Development Status and Future Trend of Satellite Navigation Systems[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2022, 1(1): 94-111.

图/表 12

参考文献 24

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国家/地区	系统	卫星数量/颗	轨道类型
美国	WAAS	3	GEO
欧洲	EGNOS	3	GEO
俄罗斯	SDCM	3	GEO
日本	MSAS	2	GEO
印度	GAGAN	2	GEO

国家/地区	系统	卫星数量/颗	轨道类型
美国	WAAS	3	GEO
欧洲	EGNOS	3	GEO
俄罗斯	SDCM	3	GEO
日本	MSAS	2	GEO
印度	GAGAN	2	GEO

系统	实际星座PDOP值		标称星座设计	在轨服务卫星数量/颗
系统	最小值	平均值	标称星座设计	在轨服务卫星数量/颗
GPS	1.4	1.6	24MEO+6备份	32
GLONASS	2.0	2.7	24MEO+3备份	20
BDS-3	1.3	1.7	24MEO+3GEO+3IGSO	30
Galileo	1.7	1.9	24MEO+6备份	24

系统	实际星座PDOP值		标称星座设计	在轨服务卫星数量/颗
系统	最小值	平均值	标称星座设计	在轨服务卫星数量/颗
GPS	1.4	1.6	24MEO+6备份	32
GLONASS	2.0	2.7	24MEO+3备份	20
BDS-3	1.3	1.7	24MEO+3GEO+3IGSO	30
Galileo	1.7	1.9	24MEO+6备份	24

系统	广播星历和钟差确定方式	更新频度	卫星	星载原子钟	原子钟天稳	空间信号精度/m
GPS	地面全球监测站	LNAV：2 h CNAV：3 h	IIR,IIR-M	铷钟	1×10^-14	0.51
			II-F	铯钟、铷钟	5×10^-14,1×10^-14
			III	增强型铷钟	10^-15量级
GLONASS	地面全球监测站	30 min	M,M+	铯钟	1×10^-13	3.7
			K1	铯钟、铷钟	(0.5~1)×10^-13
			K1+	铯钟、铷钟	5×10^-14
Galileo	地面全球监测站	钟差：10 min 轨道：3 h	IOV,FOC	铷钟、被动氢钟	1×10^-14	0.27
BDS	地面区域监测站	1 h	BDS-2 MEO/IGSO/GEO	铷钟	(2~9)×10^-14	0.47
BDS	地面区域监测站+星间链路	1 h	BDS-3 MEO/IGSO/GEO	铷钟、被动氢钟	3×10^-14, 5×10^-15	0.47