中国极地空天基遥感观测现状与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.014

前瞻科技 ›› 2022, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (2): 183-197.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.014

中国极地空天基遥感观测现状与展望

程晓¹^,²(), 陈卓奇¹^,², 惠凤鸣¹^,², 李腾¹^,², 赵羲¹^,², 郑雷¹^,², 周娟伶¹^,²

1.中山大学测绘科学与技术学院,南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,珠海 519082
2.自然资源部华南热带亚热带自然资源监测重点实验室,广州 510663

收稿日期:2022-05-25 修回日期:2022-06-01 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-08-18
作者简介:程晓,教授,博士研究生导师。现任中山大学科学研究院院长、测绘科学与技术学院院长、中山大学极地研究中心主任。中国高校极地联合研究中心秘书长、科技部中国极地科学技术委员会委员兼秘书长、第八届教育部科学技术委员会地学部委员。长期从事极地与海洋遥感研究,取得了系统性的创新研究成果。牵头推动中国“极鹰”系列极地遥感无人机快速发展和体系构建,推动中国首颗专用于极地观测的遥感小卫星——冰路卫星发射入轨、地面处理系统建设和应用。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者。获北京青年五四奖章、中国极地考察先进个人等荣誉。电子信箱： chengxiao9@mail.sysu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41925027);国家自然科学基金(41830536);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）创新团队建设项目(311021008)

Status and Outlook of China’s Space-based and Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Polar Regions

CHENG Xiao¹^,²(), CHEN Zhuoqi¹^,², HUI Fengming¹^,², LI Teng¹^,², ZHAO Xi¹^,², ZHENG Lei¹^,², ZHOU Juanling¹^,²

1. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
2. Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510663, China

Received:2022-05-25 Revised:2022-06-01 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南北两极是地球系统的冷源,调节全球能量平衡,蕴藏着丰富的能源和资源,对中国国家安全和可持续发展至关重要。极地地域广阔、环境极端恶劣,遥感技术是观测极地的重要手段。文章分析了国际极地遥感技术发展现状与趋势、中国极地卫星和航空遥感技术现状,提出了面向极地立体观监测的中国极地空天基遥感体系建设发展建议,包括大椭圆轨道卫星、“遥感—通信—助航”一体化卫星和长航时无人机,建设极地全时监测平台,为北极航运开发、极地气候变化研究等提供重要技术支撑。

关键词: 卫星遥感, 航空遥感, 气候变化, 极地

Abstract:

The North and South Poles are the cold sources of the earth system, which can regulate the global energy balance and have rich energy and resources. They are vital to the national security and sustainable development of China. Remote sensing is an important technology to observe the polar regions due to the vast area and extremely harsh environment. This paper summarizes the situation and trends in international polar remote sensing technologies as well as the status quo of China’s polar satellites and airborne remote sensing technologies. On this basis, it puts forward proposals for the construction and development of China’s airborne and space-based remote sensing systems for the tridimensional monitoring and measurement of polar regions. The further considerations include high elliptical orbit satellites, integrated communications and navigation applications satellite and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles. The construction of platforms for all-time polar monitoring. They will provide important technical support for the development of Arctic shipping routes and research on polar climate change.

Key words: satellite remote sensing, airborne remote sensing, climate change, polar regions

程晓, 陈卓奇, 惠凤鸣, 李腾, 赵羲, 郑雷, 周娟伶. 中国极地空天基遥感观测现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2022, 1(2): 183-197.

CHENG Xiao, CHEN Zhuoqi, HUI Fengming, LI Teng, ZHAO Xi, ZHENG Lei, ZHOU Juanling. Status and Outlook of China’s Space-based and Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Polar Regions[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2022, 1(2): 183-197.

图/表 13

图1 2018年12月1日中山站周边GF-3 SAR影像海冰监测示例

图2 GF-3夏季海冰分类示例 VV：垂直发射、垂直接收;VH：垂直发射、水平接收;HH：水平发射、水平接收。FI：浮冰;BI：碎冰;OW：开放水域;CW：平静水;RW：汹涌水;MI：融化冰;UI：未融化冰;DI：变形冰。

图3 2018年3月15日FY-3D海冰密集度产品与国际产品的差异

图4 HY-1C卫星南极半岛和埃默里冰架遥感影像图

图5 基于ZY-3卫星立体成像获取的Ronne-Filchner冰架裂隙三维模型

图6 冰路卫星搭载长征四号乙火箭发射

图7 冰路卫星面向公众展出

图8 南极L1A级/L1B级数据样例影像全色波段镶嵌图蓝色线代表海岸线数据集。

图9 冰路卫星遥感观测成果

图10 中国南极航空科学观测平台“雪鹰601” （来源：中国极地研究中心崔祥斌研究员提供）白色框内为伊丽莎白公主地。

图11 中国极地无人机遥感飞行试验发展历程

图12 “极鹰”系列五代极地遥感无人机的发展历程

图13 无人机遥感在海冰研究中的应用

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中国极地空天基遥感观测现状与展望

Status and Outlook of China’s Space-based and Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Polar Regions

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