中国汽车轻量化结构设计发展趋势与展望

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.006

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2): 73-83.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.006

中国汽车轻量化结构设计发展趋势与展望

贾彦敏¹^,^†(), 刘波², 陈鑫³, 张宁⁴

1.国汽（北京）汽车轻量化技术研究院有限公司，北京 102607
2.北京科技大学机械工程学院，北京 100083
3.吉林大学汽车工程学院，长春 130025
4.中国汽车工程学会，北京 102607

收稿日期:2024-12-11 修回日期:2025-02-26 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者: †
作者简介:贾彦敏，国汽（北京）汽车轻量化技术研究院有限公司发展研究部副部长。主要从事汽车轻量化与环保材料评价体系相关研究工作。电子信箱：jym@sae-china.org。

Development Trend and Outlook of Automotive Lightweight Design

JIA Yanmin¹^,^†(), LIU Bo², CHEN Xin³, ZHANG Ning⁴

1. China Automotive Lightweight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102607, China
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3. College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
4. China Society of Automotive Engineers, Beijing 102607, China

Received:2024-12-11 Revised:2025-02-26 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-26
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

轻量化是汽车技术体系中重要的关键核心技术之一，对于提升中国汽车产业的国际竞争力具有重要的支撑作用，尤其在汽车电动化、网联化、智能化的趋势下，汽车产品的形态和性能要求正在发生巨大变化。文章聚焦世界汽车轻量化结构设计领域出现的高度集成化、模块化和仿生结构设计发展新趋势和新特点，深刻分析了汽车产品新架构、新材料技术、人工智能技术的进步对汽车产品轻量化结构设计技术革新的影响。结合对中国轻量化结构设计现状、问题和不足的梳理研究，指出多材料结构设计、集成化设计、一体化设计和人工智能设计是中国汽车轻量化结构设计未来的重要发展方向，并提出了中国汽车轻量化结构设计的发展建议。

关键词: 轻量化, 设计优化, 集成化设计, 一体化设计, 人工智能设计, 多材料设计

Abstract:

Lightweight design represents one of the core technical competencies in automotive engineering, playing an important role in enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s automobile industry. Under the trend of automobile electrification, network connection, intelligence and sharing, the form and performance requirements of automobile products have undergone transformative changes. This paper comprehensively describes the new characteristics of highly integrated, modular, and bionic structural design in the field of lightweight structural design in the world. It profoundly analyzes the influence of the progress of new architecture, new materials and new technology, and artificial intelligence technology on the technical innovation of lightweight structural design of automotive products. Based on the study of the status quo, problems, and deficiencies of lightweight structural design in China, it is pointed out that multi-material structural design, integrated design, monolithic design, and artificial intelligence design have become the important development directions of lightweight structural design in China in the future, and the development suggestions are put forward.

Key words: lightweight design, design optimization, integrated design, monolithic design, artificial intelligence design, multi-material design

贾彦敏, 刘波, 陈鑫, 张宁. 中国汽车轻量化结构设计发展趋势与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(2): 73-83.

JIA Yanmin, LIU Bo, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Ning. Development Trend and Outlook of Automotive Lightweight Design[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(2): 73-83.

图/表 9

图1 长安汽车CTC发展历程（来源：第十六届国际汽车轻量化大会会议报告）

Fig. 1 CTC development history of Changan Automobile (Source: Report of the 16th International Automotive Lightweight Congress & Exhibition)

图2 宝武钢铁伏兮底盘（来源：中国宝武钢铁集团有限公司）

Fig. 2 Fuxi base (Source: China Baowu Steel Group Corporation Limited)

图3 汽车传统生产流程与开箱生产流程对比

Fig. 3 Comparison between traditional automotive production process and out-of-box production process

图4 传统扭力梁结构与昂克赛拉SEB悬挂对比（来源：马自达技报）

Fig. 4 Traditional torsion beam constructioncompared with the AXELA SEB suspension (Source: Mazda Tech)

图5 Rivian发布的滑板底盘（来源：Rivian网站）

Fig. 5 A skateboard chassis released by Rivian (Source: Rivian website)

图6 轻量级滑板式底盘专利技术

Fig. 6 Lightweight skateboard chassis patented technology

图7 野马汽车增材制造排气管（来源：先临三维）

Fig. 7 Additive manufacturing exhaust pipe of Mustang automobile (Source: SHINING 3D)

图8 大众概念车轮采用人工智能衍生式设计（来源：大众汽车）

Fig. 8 Volkswagen concept wheel with AI-derived design (Source: Volkswagen)

图9 轻量化技术路线

Fig. 9 Lightweight technology roadmap

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Development Trend and Outlook of Automotive Lightweight Design

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