中国无人作战装备成果及全球趋势————基于抗战胜利80周年阅兵的观察

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年阅兵式上参阅的无人作战装备为视角，分析其性能特点、技术优势与运用场景。基于此，总结中国无人作战装备发展的进步和前景，提出全球无人作战装备的最新发展趋势，为中国无人作战装备的创新发展提供参考。

关键词: 阅兵式, 无人作战装备, 性能特点, 技术优势, 创新发展

Abstract:

From the perspective of the unmanned combat equipment systems showcased during the military parade commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, this paper analyzed their performance characteristics, technical advantages, and application scenarios. It summarized the progress and prospects of unmanned combat equipment development in China and discussed the latest trends in global unmanned combat equipment development, providing references for the innovative development of China's unmanned combat equipment.

Key words: military parade, unmanned combat equipment, performance characteristic, technical advantage, innovative development

刘杨, 刘畅. 中国无人作战装备成果及全球趋势————基于抗战胜利80周年阅兵的观察[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(4): 111-125.

LIU Yang, LIU Chang. China's Achievements in Unmanned Combat Equipment Development and Global Trends: Observations from the 80th Anniversary Victory Day Parade[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(4): 111-125.

图/表 15

图1 阅兵式上参阅的现役无人作战装备（图片来源：央视新闻）

Fig.1 Operational unmanned combat equipment on display at military parade (Image source: CCTV News)

图2 阅兵式上参阅的一款采用无垂尾隐身布局的新型察打一体无人机（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig.2 A new type of unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) with a tailless stealth configuration on display at military parade (Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图3 阅兵式上的一款采用菱形主翼和DSI进气布局的新型制空作战无人机（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig.3 A new type of air superiority UCAV featuring diamond-shaped main wings and DSI inlet configuration on display at military parade (Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图4 阅兵式上的一款采用小展弦比布局的新型无人僚机（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig.4 A new type of unmanned wingman aircraft featuring a low aspect ratio configuration on display at military parade(Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图5 阅兵式上的一款新型舰载无人直升机（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig. 5 A new type of naval unmanned helicopter on display at military parade (Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图6 阅兵式上的侦察打击突击无人车、扫雷排爆无人车、班组支援无人车等多款地面无人作战装备（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig.6 Multiple ground unmanned combat systems, including reconnaissance and strike assault vehicles, mine clearing and explosive ordnance disposal vehicles, and squad support vehicles on display at military parade (Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图7 阅兵式上的无人作战艇（图片来源：《航空知识》）

Fig. 7 Unmanned surface vessel on display at military parade (Image source: Aerospace Knowledge)

图8 阅兵式上首次亮相的AJX002型国产无人水下布雷系统技术特点（图片来源：简氏）

Fig.8 Technical characteristics of AJX002 domestically produced unmanned underwater mine-laying system unveiled at military parade (Image source: Janes)

图9 一种采用“主车-子车”模式配置的高功率微波武器协同组网反无人机作战体系

Fig.9 A high-power microwave weapon cooperative networking anti-UAV combat system configured in a “master vehicle-slave vehicle” mode

图10 中国无人装备系统市场容量趋势（2024—2031年，数据来源：简氏）

Fig. 10 Market capacity trend of China’s unmanned equipment systems (2024-2031, Data source: Janes)

图11 无人机集群可为地面无人车辆提供包括视野支持在内的战场态势信息共享

Fig. 11 UAV swarms can provide battlefield situation information sharing, including vision support, for ground unmanned vehicles

图12 新一代无人作战平台将融合大量先进技术（图片来源：简氏）

Fig. 12 New generation of unmanned combat platforms will integrate a large number of advanced technologies(Image source: Janes)

表1 世界主要无人“忠诚僚机”型号/项目

Table 1 Major unmanned "Loyal Wingman" models/projects in the world

国家/地区	型号/项目
中国	“飞鸿”FH-97A、攻击-11等
美国	XQ-58A“女武神”（Valkyrie）、UTAP-22“灰鲭鲨”（Mako）、YFQ-42A/44A等
俄罗斯	S70“猎人-B”、“莫尔尼亚”（Molniya）等
欧洲（法国、瑞典、意大利、西班牙、瑞士、希腊）	“神经元”（NEURON）
澳大利亚	MQ-28A“幽灵蝙蝠”（Ghost Bat）
土耳其	“红苹果”战斗无人机系统（MIUS）
新加坡	“箭”（Arrow）
印度	“勇士”（CATS）、“加塔克”（Ghatak）
韩国	低可观测无人僚机系统（LOWUS）

图13 一个各类无人平台灵活组合、自主协同的一体化无人作战系统

Fig.13 An integrated unmanned combat system featuring flexible combination and autonomous coordination of various unmanned combat platforms

表2 无人装备产业布局图谱

Table 2 Layout map of unmanned equipment industry

上游（原材料）	中游（加工/制造/总装）	下游（应用）
结构材料：碳纤维复合材料；热塑性复合材料；钛合金及铝锂合金材料等；隐身材料：结构型吸波材料；多功能隐身涂层；智能隐身蒙皮材料等；能源动力材料：高能量密度电池材料；燃料电池材料；高温合金与陶瓷基复合材料等；传感器材料：氮化镓（GaN）半导体材料；柔性电子材料等	无人作战装备组件加工/制造：通信导航、数据链系统；雷达、红外、电子传感器系统；能源动力系统；任务负荷系统；模块化系统集成；高精度数控加工、3D打印等；无人装备整机总装：无人机、地面无人车辆、无人艇、水下无人载具/潜航器等总装；系统联调；无人装备测试/试验：功能与性能测试；环境适应性试验（高低温、湿热、振动、冲击等）；静态/滑跑/系留/野外/海试等	军用，民用

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