塑性陶瓷研究进展及发展建议

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.014

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1): 139-146.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.014

塑性陶瓷研究进展及发展建议

陈克新¹^,²^,^†(), 刘光华³, 张杰², 葛一瑶¹

1.北京科技大学新金属材料全国重点实验室，北京 100083
2.甬江实验室先进结构陶瓷创新中心，宁波 315201
3.清华大学材料学院，新型陶瓷材料全国重点实验室，北京 100084

收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-27
通讯作者: 陈克新
作者简介:陈克新，研究员、博士研究生导师。甬江实验室先进结构陶瓷创新中心主任。中国硅酸盐学会副秘书长。主要从事先进结构陶瓷材料的微观结构调控及应用性能优化研究，包括室温塑性陶瓷的制备与塑性机制研究、高品质陶瓷精细粉体的可控合成等。入选国家百千万人才工程，被授予“有突出贡献中青年专家”荣誉称号，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。获云南省自然科学奖、深圳市技术发明奖等奖项。出版专著5部，发表论文200多篇，授权发明专利30余件。电子信箱：kxchen@ustb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52425204);中国科协青年人才托举工程(YESS20230148)

Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Plastic Ceramics

CHEN Kexin¹^,²^,^†(), LIU Guanghua³, ZHANG Jie², GE Yiyao¹

1. National Key Laboratory of New Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. Advanced Ceramics and Structures Center, Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo 315201, China
3. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-02-13 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-27
Contact: CHEN Kexin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

先进结构陶瓷具有耐高温等优异性能，在国防和国民经济建设中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。脆性是制约陶瓷材料发展的主要瓶颈，塑性陶瓷的出现为克服陶瓷脆性带来新的希望，具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。近年来，中国学者率先在塑性陶瓷研究中取得突破，在世界范围内掀起塑性陶瓷研究热潮。中国应充分抓住先发优势，及时布局，大力推进塑性陶瓷基础与应用研究，在该领域的全球科技竞争中占据领先地位，为满足航空发动机等重大需求提供有力支撑。

关键词: 塑性陶瓷, 室温塑性, 氮化硅, 航空发动机

Abstract:

Advanced structural ceramics possess excellent properties such as high-temperature resistance and play an irreplaceable and important role in national defence and economic development. Brittleness is the main bottleneck restricting the development of ceramic materials. The emergence of plastic ceramics brings new hope for overcoming the brittleness of ceramics, which has important scientific significance and application value. In recent years, Chinese scholars have made breakthrough progress in the field of plastic ceramics, sparking a worldwide upsurge in the study of plastic ceramics. China should seize this chance, develop a timely layout, and promote the basic and applied research of plastic ceramics, so as to take a leading position in global science and technology competition of this field and provide strong support for meeting major needs such as aircraft engines.

Key words: plastic ceramics, plasticity at room temperature, silicon nitride, aero engines

陈克新, 刘光华, 张杰, 葛一瑶. 塑性陶瓷研究进展及发展建议[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(1): 139-146.

CHEN Kexin, LIU Guanghua, ZHANG Jie, GE Yiyao. Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Plastic Ceramics[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(1): 139-146.

图/表 4

图1 塑性氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构与室温压缩性能 ε为应变；0、18%、21%、32%为共格界面在全部界面中所占比例。

Fig. 1 Microstructure and compressive properties of plastic silicon nitride ceramics at room temperature

图2 塑性氮化硼陶瓷的显微结构和室温压缩性能

Fig. 2 Microstructure and compressive properties of plastic boron nitride ceramics at room temperature

图3 借位错氧化镧陶瓷的显微结构和室温拉伸性能

Fig. 3 Microstructure and tensile properties of dislocation-borrowed lanthanum oxide ceramics at room temperature

图4 塑性无机热电材料 YSZ：Yttria-stabilized Zirconia，氧化钇稳定氧化锆；14.19%、39.4%为塑性应变。

Fig. 4 Inorganic thermoelectric materials with plasticity

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塑性陶瓷研究进展及发展建议

Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Plastic Ceramics

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