液态金属前沿研究及产业发展建议

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.008

前瞻科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1): 81-91.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.008

液态金属前沿研究及产业发展建议

邓中山¹^,²()

1.中国科学院理化技术研究所，北京 100190
2.中国科学院大学未来技术学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-12-23 修回日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-03-27
作者简介:作者简介：邓中山，研究员，博士研究生导师。主要从事液态金属功能材料及应用、先进散热技术、低温生物医学等研究。承担了国家“863”计划、国家科技支撑计划、国家自然科学基金、中国科学院仪器研制等项目20余项。获中国电子学会电子信息科学技术奖、中国制冷学会技术发明奖一等奖、中国国际高新技术成果交易会优秀产品奖6项、中国科学院北京分院科技成果转化特等奖2项等。出版著作4部，发表论文100余篇。申请发明专利80余件。电子信箱：zsdeng@mail.ipc.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52376082)

Frontier Research of Liquid Metal and Industrial Development Suggestions

DENG Zhongshan¹^,²()

1. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2. School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-12-23 Revised:2025-01-21 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液态金属前沿材料引发了芯片冷却、电子制造、生物医学及柔性机器人等领域的颠覆性技术突破，促成了一系列有着重大应用价值的新兴工业领域的形成和发展，为大量高新技术产品的创制注入了新的活力。文章综述了液态金属前沿材料的国内外发展历程与态势，阐述了我国在液态金属领域的优势，并分别从液态金属新材料创制与创新应用两方面对未来需布局的方向进行了剖析，最后针对液态金属前沿研究和产业发展提出了建议。

关键词: 液态金属, 热管理技术, 印刷电子, 生物材料, 柔性机器

Abstract:

Liquid metal frontier materials have triggered disruptive technological breakthroughs in chip cooling, electronics manufacturing, biomedicine, and flexible robots, promoting the formation and development of a series of emerging industrial fields with significant application value and bringing new vigor to the creation of a large number of high-tech products. This review summarized the development history and trend of liquid metal frontier materials in China and abroad, described the advantages that China has achieved in the field of liquid metal, analyzed the direction of future plans from the aspects of creation and innovative application of liquid metal materials, and finally put forward suggestions for the frontier research and industrial development of liquid metal.

Key words: liquid metal, thermal management technology, printed electronics, biomaterial, flexible robot

邓中山. 液态金属前沿研究及产业发展建议[J]. 前瞻科技, 2025, 4(1): 81-91.

DENG Zhongshan. Frontier Research of Liquid Metal and Industrial Development Suggestions[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025, 4(1): 81-91.

图/表 6

图1 液态金属领域论文发表及专利申请情况数据来源：Web of Science、Derwent Innovations Index。

Fig. 1 Publications and patent filings in liquid metal field

图2 中国团队研制的液态金属CPU散热器产品（2010年开始市场销售）

Fig. 2 Liquid metal-based CPU cooler products developed by a Chinese team (sold since 2010)

图3 液态金属热界面材料系列产品、封装方案及代表性应用

Fig. 3 Products, encapsulation solutions, and representative applications of liquid metal-based thermal interface materials

图4 液态金属电子电路打印机、3D打印机及应用

Fig. 4 Liquid metal-based electronic circuit printers, 3D printers, and applications

图5 液态金属骨科外固定支具及临床应用

Fig. 5 Liquid metal-based orthopaedic external fixation orthoses and clinical applications

表1 目前已颁布实施的液态金属国家标准

Table 1 Current Chinese national standards for liquid metals

序号	标准名称	标准号
1	镓基液态金属	GB/T 39859—2021
2	液态金属物理性能测定方法第1部分：密度的测定	GB/T 41079.1—2021
3	液态金属物理性能测定方法第2部分：电导率的测定	GB/T 41079.2—2022
4	液态金属物理性能测定方法第3部分：黏度的测定	GB/T 41079.3—2024
5	镓基液态金属热界面材料	GB/T 43611—2023
6	镓基液态金属化学分析方法第1部分：铅、镉、汞、砷含量的测定电感耦合等离子体质谱法	GB/T 43604.1—2023

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液态金属前沿研究及产业发展建议

Frontier Research of Liquid Metal and Industrial Development Suggestions

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