中国氢冶金工艺现状、挑战及发展对策

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.004

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4): 44-57.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.004

中国氢冶金工艺现状、挑战及发展对策

李峰¹^,²(), 储满生¹^,²^,^†(), 唐珏¹^,², 赵子川¹^,², 冯金格¹^,², 刘西财¹^,²

1.东北大学冶金学院，沈阳 110819
2.东北大学低碳钢铁前沿技术研究院，沈阳 110819

收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2024-11-01 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-24
通讯作者: †
作者简介:李峰，讲师。主要从事氢冶金关键理论及技术研究。承担国家自然科学基金、国家资助博士后计划、中央高校基本科研业务费等项目8项。发表论文20余篇，授权发明专利10余件。电子信箱：lifeng1@smm.neu.edu.cn。
储满生，教授。东北大学低碳钢铁前沿技术研究院院长，低碳钢铁前沿技术教育部工程研究中心主任，辽宁省低碳钢铁前沿技术工程研究中心主任。国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才、教育部新世纪人才。主要从事氢冶金、低碳智能化高炉、特色冶金资源高效清洁利用等关键理论及技术研究。主持国家低碳专项、国家高技术研究发展计划、国家自然科学基金、科技部重大国际合作等项目50余项。获省部级科技奖励4项。出版专著6部，发表论文490余篇，授权发明专利60余件。电子信箱：chums@smm.neu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U23A20608)

Current Status, Challenges, and Development Strategies of Hydrogen Metallurgy Technologies in China

LI Feng¹^,²(), CHU Mansheng¹^,²^,^†(), TANG Jue¹^,², ZHAO Zichuan¹^,², FENG Jin’ge¹^,², LIU Xicai¹^,²

1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2. Institute for Frontier Technologies of Low-Carbon Steelmaking, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2024-11-01 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-24
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能对中国能源结构和消费体系产生革命性影响，基于氢基竖炉的氢冶金短流程是优化钢铁工艺流程、能源结构和产品结构的有效途径，是中国钢铁产业实现碳中和的兜底技术和颠覆性前沿技术。文章在概述国内外氢冶金工艺研发现状的基础上，明确氢冶金技术的前景，剖析中国发展氢基竖炉工艺所面临的制约性问题，并提出应对挑战的建议。

关键词: 氢冶金, 氢基竖炉, 焦炉煤气, 全氢竖炉

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy has a revolutionary impact on China’s energy structure and consumption system. The hydrogen metallurgy process relying on a hydrogen-based shaft furnace is an effective way to optimize the steel process flow, energy structure, and product structure. It is also a fundamental and disruptive cutting-edge technology for China’s steel industry to achieve carbon neutrality. Based on an overview of the current research and development status of hydrogen metallurgy technologies in China and abroad, this article clarified the prospect of hydrogen metallurgy technologies and analyzed the key issues that constrained the development of the hydrogen-based shaft furnace process in China. On this basis, suggestions for addressing the challenges were proposed.

Key words: hydrogen metallurgy, hydrogen-based shaft furnace, coke oven gas, all-hydrogen shaft furnace

李峰, 储满生, 唐珏, 赵子川, 冯金格, 刘西财. 中国氢冶金工艺现状、挑战及发展对策[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(4): 44-57.

LI Feng, CHU Mansheng, TANG Jue, ZHAO Zichuan, FENG Jin’ge, LIU Xicai. Current Status, Challenges, and Development Strategies of Hydrogen Metallurgy Technologies in China[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(4): 44-57.

图/表 14

图1 MIDREX H2?工艺流程

Fig. 1 MIDREX H2? technological process

图2 HYL-III氢基竖炉工艺流程

Fig. 2 HYL-III hydrogen-based shaft furnace technological process

图3 HYBRIT氢气竖炉工艺流程与高炉工艺流程对比

Fig. 3 Comparison between HYBRIT hydrogen-based shaft furnace technological process and blast furnace technological process

图4 ULCOS氢基竖炉直接还原电炉炼钢工艺流程

Fig. 4 Direct reduction by hydrogen-based shaft furnace and electric arc furnace steelmaking technological process of ULCOS project

图5 GrInHy 2.0项目规划

Fig. 5 Plan of GrInHy 2.0 project

图6 焦炉煤气干重整制备还原气工艺流程

Fig. 6 Technological process of dry reforming of coke oven gas to prepare reducing gas

图7 河钢集团基于COG的Energiron-ZR氢基竖炉工艺流程

Fig. 7 COG-based Energiron-ZR hydrogen-based shaft furnace technological process of HBIS

图8 宝钢湛江钢铁有限公司Energiron-ZR氢基竖炉工艺流程

Fig. 8 Energiron-ZR hydrogen-based shaft furnace technological process of Baowu Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.

表1 不同配矿方案下氧化球团抗压强度

Table 1 Compressive strength of oxidized pellets under different ore blending schemes

序号	1号铁精矿/%	2号铁精矿/%	3号铁精矿/%	抗压强度/ （N·个^-1）
配料-1	85	0	15	3 432
配料-2	80	10	10	3 401
配料-3	60	10	30	3 366
配料-4	40	10	50	3 208
配料-5	85	15	0	3 394

图9 氢基竖炉还原-电熔分工艺模型

Fig. 9 Hydrogen-based shaft furnace reduction-electric arc furnace technological process model

图10 东北大学万吨级氢气竖炉工艺流程

Fig. 10 Process of 10 000-ton hydrogen-based shaft furnace at Northeastern University

表2 氢基竖炉与高炉用氧化球团指标对比

Table 2 Comparison of oxidized pellet indicators used in hydrogen-based shaft furnace and blast furnace

球团指标	高炉	氢基竖炉
TFe/%	62	>67
SiO₂/%	≈5	≤2
抗压强度/N	2 000	2 500
还原膨胀/%	<20	<15
还原粉化RDI_+3.15/%	≥90	≥95
还原性RI₄₀/（%·min^-1）	>0.6	0.9~1.4

表3 常见制氢工艺成本对比

Table 3 Cost comparison of hydrogen production processes

制氢工艺	氢气成本/（元·Nm^-3）	生产规模/（Nm³·h^-1）	备注
电解水制氢	2.5~4.0	10~200
天然气蒸汽重整制氢	0.8~1.5	200~200 000	含炼厂气制氢
石油蒸汽重整制氢	0.7~1.6	500~200 000	含液化气制氢
甲醇裂解制氢	1.8~2.5	50~500
液氨裂解制氢	2.0~2.5	10~200
丙烷脱氢制丙烯副产氢	0.4~0.8	10 000~200 000	含乙烷/丙烷脱氢
钢铁厂尾气副产氢	0.5~1.0	10 000~200 000	含焦化
煤气化制氢	0.6~1.2	1 000~200 000

图11 竖炉还原气压力与生产效率的关系

Fig. 11 Relationship between reducing gas pressure and production efficiency in shaft furnace

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中国氢冶金工艺现状、挑战及发展对策

Current Status, Challenges, and Development Strategies of Hydrogen Metallurgy Technologies in China

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