绿氢生产技术研究进展及发展趋势

doi:10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.001

前瞻科技 ›› 2024, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (4): 9-21.DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.001

绿氢生产技术研究进展及发展趋势

党成雄¹(), 杨光星¹, 王宇², 王浩帆², 余皓²^,^†()

1.广州大学化学化工学院，广州 510006
2.华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广州 510641

收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2024-11-01 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-24
通讯作者: †
作者简介:党成雄，副教授。主要从事生物质热化学制氢、CO₂捕获与催化转化、钙基化学链的构建与应用等领域的研究。主持国家自然科学基金、广东省自然科学基金等项目5项。获2020年中国颗粒学会优秀博士论文奖等。发表论文29篇。电子信箱：cxdang@gzhu.edu.cn。
余皓，教授，博士研究生导师。华南理工大学化学与化工学院副院长。中国颗粒学会理事，广东省化工学会副秘书长，科普与学术工作委员会主任委员。主要从事纳米碳材料、多相催化等研究。获教育部新世纪优秀人才、广东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金、广东省“千百十”省级培养对象、广州市珠江科技新星、全国石油化工青年教学名师。广东省线上线下混合本科一流课程《化学反应工程》课程负责人。获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、二等奖，中国石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖。发表论文200余篇。电子信箱：yuhao@scut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22078106);广东省自然科学基金(2024B1515040016)

Research Progress and Trends of Green Hydrogen Production Technology

DANG Chengxiong¹(), YANG Guangxing¹, WANG Yu², WANG Haofan², YU Hao²^,^†()

1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2024-11-01 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-24
Contact: †

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿氢已经成为构建多元绿色能源结构的重要技术选项，在实现“碳达峰与碳中和”目标进程中具有关键作用。文章旨在综述绿氢生产技术的研发进展和发展趋势。根据中国氢能产业的发展现状和政策背景，界定了适合于国内外研发现状的绿氢定义，重点介绍了可再生能源分解水制氢、生物质制氢技术，分析了各自的技术特点、优势和挑战。此外，还探讨了核能制氢、甲烷热解制氢、绿氨制氢和水氢等虽不属于传统的绿氢，但有可能对碳减排起到重要作用的技术。最后，对绿氢生产中存在的问题进行了总结，从政策激励、技术创新、市场应用等方面对中国绿氢发展给出了建议。

关键词: 绿氢, 电解水, 水分解, 生物质, 碳排放

Abstract:

Green hydrogen has become an important technological option for building a diversified green energy structure and plays a key role in achieving carbon neutrality goals. This article aims to review the research and development progress of green hydrogen production technology. Based on the current development status and policy background of China’s hydrogen energy industry, this article defined green hydrogen according to the Chinese and international research and development status and focused on hydrogen production from renewable energy water splitting and biomass. The technical characteristics, advantages, and challenges of these technologies were analyzed. Additionally, technologies such as hydrogen production by nuclear energy, methane pyrolysis, green ammonia, and aqua hydrogen, which do not belong to traditional green hydrogen but may play an important role in carbon emission reduction, were explored. Finally, the article summarized the issues existing in green hydrogen production and provided suggestions for the development of green hydrogen in China from aspects such as policy incentives, technological innovation, and market application.

Key words: green hydrogen, water electrolysis, water splitting, biomass, carbon emission

党成雄, 杨光星, 王宇, 王浩帆, 余皓. 绿氢生产技术研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 前瞻科技, 2024, 3(4): 9-21.

DANG Chengxiong, YANG Guangxing, WANG Yu, WANG Haofan, YU Hao. Research Progress and Trends of Green Hydrogen Production Technology[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024, 3(4): 9-21.

图/表 3

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项目	AWE	PEMWE	AEMWE	SOWE
电解质	氢氧化钾溶液	PFSA膜	阴离子交换膜	钇稳定的氧化锆
阴极材料	镍基材料	铂基材料	镍基材料	Ni/YSZ
阳极材料	镍基材料	钌或铱基材料	镍、铁、钴氧化物	YSZ
操作温度/^oC	70~90	50~80	40~60	700~850
操作压力/MPa	小于3	小于7	小于3.5	0.1
运行寿命/kh	60~100	20~60	<小于10	—
电流密度/ (A·cm^-2)	0.2~0.8	1.0~2.0	0.2~2.0	0.3~1.0
效率/%	50~78	50~83	57~59	89
电压/V	1.4~3.0	1.4~2.5	1.4~2.0	1.0~1.5
技术成熟度	成熟工业化	商业化过程中	示范装置	示范装置
优点	已成熟工业化、无贵金属电催化剂、成本相对较低、长期稳定性	商业化技术、高电流密度、气体纯度高、反应器紧凑、响应迅速	无贵金属电催化剂、低浓度（1 mol/L KOH）液体电解质	效率高、效率更高
缺点	电流密度有限、气体交叉（渗透）、高浓度碱电解质	电池组件成本高、贵金属电催化剂、酸性电解质	稳定性不够、尚在研发过程中	稳定性不够、尚在研发过程中

项目	AWE	PEMWE	AEMWE	SOWE
电解质	氢氧化钾溶液	PFSA膜	阴离子交换膜	钇稳定的氧化锆
阴极材料	镍基材料	铂基材料	镍基材料	Ni/YSZ
阳极材料	镍基材料	钌或铱基材料	镍、铁、钴氧化物	YSZ
操作温度/^oC	70~90	50~80	40~60	700~850
操作压力/MPa	小于3	小于7	小于3.5	0.1
运行寿命/kh	60~100	20~60	<小于10	—
电流密度/ (A·cm^-2)	0.2~0.8	1.0~2.0	0.2~2.0	0.3~1.0
效率/%	50~78	50~83	57~59	89
电压/V	1.4~3.0	1.4~2.5	1.4~2.0	1.0~1.5
技术成熟度	成熟工业化	商业化过程中	示范装置	示范装置
优点	已成熟工业化、无贵金属电催化剂、成本相对较低、长期稳定性	商业化技术、高电流密度、气体纯度高、反应器紧凑、响应迅速	无贵金属电催化剂、低浓度（1 mol/L KOH）液体电解质	效率高、效率更高
缺点	电流密度有限、气体交叉（渗透）、高浓度碱电解质	电池组件成本高、贵金属电催化剂、酸性电解质	稳定性不够、尚在研发过程中	稳定性不够、尚在研发过程中

绿氢生产技术研究进展及发展趋势

Research Progress and Trends of Green Hydrogen Production Technology

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